types of global citizenship

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    The result was that the Zulu peoples were pushed off their land where communities shared (or bartered) and into an economy where outsiders paid them wages. ethnicity and the global. For the accomplishment of this supreme goal many preconceptions, social barriers, prejudices, pseudo-environments (as Walter Lippmann in his consequential publication Public Opinion would call them in the modern psychological meaning), distinctions, scanty attention and poverty of language should be overcame. Stockholm, Sweden GCED comprises three core learning domains through forming global citizenship, namely cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioural domains that benefit society in numerous ways. social services and legal assistance. The disconnect between the language used to describe practices such as lobola and the tradition itself helps us understand the phenomena Richard Kiely calls the chameleon complex4. portion of the program. Experiential component: Students will construct and execute service-learning projects through available resources. The cost-benefit theory of attraction is even more calculating: we decide what we will give based on its value in relation to what we are likely to receive. As part of the Global Citizenship Program, completing First-year Seminar is an undergraduate What are the dynamics of these systems? This course will look at the bicycle as transportation, as exercise, and as industry. Experiential component: Local bicycling events, such as a ride for charity, group project to identify an justice and the good life. back, 4 Richard Kiely. Maps are used in order to add visual clarity to data. major, or within other coded courses not part of the GCP. Use language effectively to communicate in a variety of written genres. As part of our work on this biennial trip, my team and I are writing blogs. A high degree of interpenetration is registered between the cultures of the world, the new structures and dynamics struggling to come side by side. inspiration) Gwyneth Lewis. 1 As a 2004 Campus Compact Faculty Fellow, I co-authored a paper to introduce the conceptual model for supporting the continued development of service-learning as a pedagogy of engagement. that have contributed to this global water crisis. be used to satisfy Global Citizenship Program course requirements. in the neighborhood or at home, we need critical skills: creative and critical thinking, This course Here are 10 Steps that you can take if you are interested in becoming a global citizen. Books from Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Medicine Online, Oxford Clinical Psychology, and Very Short Introductions, as well as the AMA Manual of Style, have all migrated to Oxford Academic.. Read more about books migrating to Oxford Academic.. You can now search across all these OUP political problems intersect with our understanding of place and the various meanings The debate's epicenter is whether priority should go to educating students academic knowledge dispensed in classrooms or creating social change ordinary knowledge held by everyday people living with the issues at stake, International scholars such as Alberto Guerreiro Ramos have posited that we cannot think clearly about globalization until we set aside not only the language of the market economy but also its accompanying assumptions about privileges and duties, . From this perspective, quotas are not discrimination (against men), but compensation for structural barriers that women meet in the electoral process. E pluribus unum, the global citizen. Sorry, there is insufficient stock for your cart. Demonstrate an understanding of and create arguments supported by quantitative evidence This course will explore the methodologies and best practices that have been identified Legal, economic, cultural and political borders are no longer rigid; they can redefine, reinvent and reorganize themselves, this general tendency calling for a world citizenry and a cosmopolitan state. In some countries quotas apply to minorities based on regional, ethnic, linguistic or religious cleavages,this database focuses on gender quotas - that is quotas that apply to women and men for elective office. American Right-Wing Movement, White Nationalism, Antifa, Extremists Movements, Global of the transatlantic slave trade. Since the website only gives information about quotas rules that have been adopted, and not about the compliance in practice in individual parties, it is not possible to make conclusions about the connection between types of quota provisions and women's representation other than that many quota provisions are not properly implemented. 2) or a measure written into the statutes of individual political parties (no. ethical dilemmas in counteracting modern day slavery in everyday life. Because we are enmeshed in this market economy, our first tendency is to interpret all of life using the language of buying and selling and zero-sum games. WebThere are three types of legal rights: a. solutions. student emerges from our University with the core competencies required for responsible Living and working in today's society demands expert thinking, problem-solving and Methods of furthering productive partnerships transcending cultural differences The question of what can and must be done to eradicate slavery will be addressed throughout Today, more than ever, there is a need for language, as a key to both, intellectual and spiritual connection between the nations of the world. facilitating others' contributions, fostering a constructive climate, and responding Take, for example, the psychological literature on race, gender, and class. No predetermination is possible at the degree that it was in the past, because borders can be interpreted, redrawn and legitimated anew. The ideals and values these stories impart highlight our shared humanity. Service-learning's emphasis on reflection-action and social constructivism can also be used to pry open this discussion. In Umdhlubu's tale, the frog taught townspeople and the girl's father that the privileges of peaceful community life also carry obligations, one person to another. The result is our reliance on images and languages that have been misappropriated from their original purposes. Applied real-world opportunities:Students will conduct an audit of their own "access" to health supports and environments Recognize when there is a need for information and identify, locate, evaluate, and will complete eight courses of at least three credit hours each in the general education We see it in how we view others and how others view us. Keeping the proportions, it is the same situation at the planetary scale, but because the efforts to develop a universal language did not succeed so far (although appreciable efforts were made by the Polish ophthalmologist Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof who developed Esperanto, as an international auxiliary language, trying to resolve communication problems among people of different nationalities) we must keep in our minds that the only alternative for a beneficial cohabitation and solidarity among individuals is the mutual acceptance of linguistic patterns and cultural DNAs. and legal policies, structures, institutions, conditions and practices (or lack thereof) It is in fact the political parties that control the nominations, not primarily the voters who decide who gets elected; therefore quotas are not violations of voters' rights. knowledge). All undergraduate students completing Global Citizenship Program requirements must Please enter a valid model number or name. We test a set of hypotheses that specify how the motivational structure of basic values con strains and, We examine the validity and reliability of a single-item measure of social identification (SISI). Tel: +46 8 698 37 00 Contemporary life has given us access to knowledge and resources beyond the wildest imaginings my parents' generation could have conjured. You need: All students must complete three credit hours in courses coded for each of the following And will we in control, See our privacy policy here. With the exception of a social dimension of global citizenship, all of the proposed types appeared to be distinct factors. The core idea behind this system is to recruit women into political positions and to ensure that women are not only a token few in political life. Quotas imply that there are several women together in a committee or assembly, thus minimizing the stress often experienced by the token women. Therefore, for these Turkish couples, US legal citizenship is considered a type of global citizenship in that it allows their holders a worldwide mobility. Experiential Component: Students will volunteer with an organization that works with international students Work performed by slaves has become an important Communicate ideas, opinions, and information effectively by preparing and delivering campus in Webster Groves, Missouri, it is offered only in the Fall semester (some This course explores how a community is reflected Many women do not want to get elected just because they are women. Those seeking social change have always made use of the communications technology A: No courses used to fulfill the course requirements of a student's first major may From a global perspective, this course provides The source of disagreement should not focus on the obvious fact that we are one family, the fundamental cell of the global society, but on the strategies how to productively and constructively implement a global awareness. An electoral gender quota regulation may, for example, require that at least 40% of the candidates on the electoral lists are women. The practice shifted from its relational purpose to being wage-based and driven by the market, not by tradition. Welcome to books on Oxford Academic. Fax: +46 8 20 24 22, 2022 InternationalIDEA. By submitting this form you acknowledge you have read the Privacy Policy Privacy Policy and consent to receiving calls/texts from Samsung representative. Although architects, artists, scientists and other community members have designed As proof of our intellectual prowess (or personal stamina! This article focuses on the emergence of GCE in the educational discourse of the Province of Trento in northern Italy and outlines how policymakers and teachers construct GCE as a pedagogical framework for schooling in By continuing to browse or use this site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. attached to it. What is community? Historically, this has meant cattle were given to the family of the bride when she left for the home of her new husband. and perspectives. Questions about Keystone requirements In general, quotas for women represent a shift from one concept of equality to another. Until the consciousness movements of the 1960s and 1970s, theories of personality development presumed a white male CEO; his Hispanic female secretary; the Black servers in the company cafeteria,; and the Native American groundskeeper all had the same psychosocial experience. To internationalize service-learning, therefore, we need to connect with this shared reality and explore its foundations. international levels. The Interdependence: Global Solidarity and Local Actions Toolkit is a collective on-line learning initiative to bring together educators, organizers, and learners who all share a commitment to building more just, inclusive, and sustainable communities. Through the lens of culture, you can analyze almost every particularity of the world, because culture, under all its configurations and mutations, is instrumental in explaining the entire compartmentalization of life. The argument is based on the experience that equality as a goal cannot be reached by formal equal treatment as a means. We have shared frustrations and disappointments when those who worked alongside us vanished or (even worse) sabotaged or (worst of all) attacked. womens education and economic development, women in leadership and LGBT rights. This is due to newswire licensing terms. The American Problem A story of Donald Trump and the European Union, House of Cards, Season 5: Why Romanians Will Find It Familiar, Beyond Military Drones The Future Pilotless Flight. Q: Can I use courses from my major in the GCP? global citizenship in the 21st century. Questia. Along the time, history has proven that the most powerful and influential cultures, with continental or cross-continental orientation, are the ones that can include the global-minded polyglots and the individuals with multilingual abilities. It is a complex practice that has changed, is changing, will continue to change as social realities respond to the encroaching western influence. or immigrants and journal at assigned intervals within their online workspace over Experiential component:Students will participate in a global poverty learning simulation at Heifer Ranch decision-making process had. A Samsung representative at Best Buy will call to schedule your Galaxy S10 try out. here with an asterisk (*). Its farms make the mission self-sufficient while its contracts for bottled water, dairy products, fresh produce, and baked goods are income-generating. E320 Diakonia Centre, 20 Diakonia Avenue, Durban, 4001 South Africa) regularly features articles addressing the traditional-modern clash in the nations of Africa. We need to advance the discussion of how to promote a global conscience. solutions affect interconnected systems. Other bedtime stories tell us how to treat our mother, brother, sister, wife, or father. citizenship. (through readings, discussion, written essays, audience involvement and personal projects) These competencies include both knowledge and skills, as reflected in the GCP learning determine form and function drive a sustainable future? Clearly, this discussion requires a strategy for doing the emotional work involved with moral and identity questions. as one member of a team. Experiential component: Trip to the United Nations Commission on Status of Women conference, interviews of Given the slow speed by which the number of interview people about water access, quality and usage; and then will compare their essays, reviews and criticism and the academic disciplines However, if the leading party in a country uses a quota, such as the ANC in South Africa, this may have a significant impact on the overall rate of female representation. It is a general tendency (specific to the human nature) to be reticent to rapid change and unexpected modifications, especially when they are imposed by outside factors and forces that are not observable, but this is not a reason that should influence the promoters of a global society to stop the endeavors for the creation of a new framework of thinking. View 6 excerpts, references background and methods, We examine the influence of students' understanding of intentional worlds on antecedents, identification, and outcomes of global citizenship. She has discovered that international service-learning is about recognizing substantive rationality; that is, social experience is socially constructed and, therefore, defies the neat categories that academic study has taught her to expect. , a rich and complex cultural tradition, into static customary law with the Native Land Act of 1913. an arts lack in a community and rectifying it. It seems clear that the items in the Edwards Social Desirability Scale would, of necessity, have extreme social desirability scale positions or, in other words, be statistically deviant. As activists and social change agents, we are of like minds in our passion for social justice and our impatience for posturing. Over time the new language of the market economy was used to reinterpret lobola. high-profile legal cases or campaigns (e.g., Take Back the Night march, V-Day activities, Quotas present one such mechanism. We can see the difficulty in overcoming its influence in the case of Sarah Baartman, a Khosian woman who died in 1815. In a universe full of misunderstandings, language is the only viable instrument that can help us understand our common destiny. Demonstrate knowledge of human cultures and the sources of meaning (Roots of Cultures). A: Several Webster courses have been available as substitutes for the First-year Seminar The practice also created a web of affiliations across generations and social circles. The focus of this course will be on the current state of global health. All of these systems and range of understandings are encountered at the local, regional, national and international levels, in different proportions and at different stages of evolution. over fall break. This course explores the contributing factors and ethical implications of global poverty. Various arguments have been set forth for and against the introduction of quotas as a means to increase the political presence of women. The introduction of quota systems for women represents a qualitative jump into a policy of exact goals and means. Family violence is a global problem that occurs in virtually every country and culture. Choose from hundreds of free courses or pay to earn a Course or Specialization Certificate. In post-apartheid South Africa, the practice is caught in the crossfire of debates that pit feminist ideology against traditional practices, The disconnect between the language used to describe practices such as, and the tradition itself helps us understand the phenomena Richard Kiely calls the, . Register your product and find out whats covered. of todays new ideas on tomorrow. Q: I transferred after my first semester, and FRSH 1200 is only for first-semester International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) work with local government agencies, interviews with stakeholders. It will give students the chance to reflect on their own responsibilities as citizens, Yet our individual, everyday stories are far more than a collection of spurious variables. Experiential component: A team leadership project with a real-world application to address a challenge in "And yet, women's representation might increase as a result of the very debate about introducing quotas. The place of bicycles in different societies will be examined, including their social, The Global Leader in Residence and Citizenship by Investment or click Allow selection to choose the types of cookies you will accept. Figure 1 shows variation in quota types when these two dimensions are combined, that is, firstly the questions of mandating and secondly the question of where in the nomination process quotas are placed. Increasingly, gender quotas are being introduced using reserved seat systems, and increasingly women elected on reserved seats quota systems are not appointed, but elected like in Jordan, Uganda and Rwanda. global challenges, and provides them with the skills necessary to generate permanent This is the first world-wide, comparative study of the use of different gender quota systems, written by researchers from all major regions of the world. Global Citizenship Thus, between any of the above-mentioned systemic components and understanding can be established a strong correlation, resulting different types of understanding: cultural understanding, social understanding, political understanding etc. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. will be a team project to collect health products for distribution. We follow up regularly with utility operators for electric, water, natural gas, internet, bills and more. It has been entrusted to lead the Global Education 2030 Agenda through Sustainable Development Goal 4. These standards deepen educator practice, promote collaboration with peers, challenge traditional approaches and prepare students to drive their own learning. Without this product, applied coupon or promotion code cannot be redeemed.Are you sure to remove this product? I do not know the answers to these questions, but I will keep thinking about them. At our morning breakfast we can be global consumers with biscotti from Italy, coffee from Brazil, and English marmalade on Texas toast. The heart of the matter, quite literally, is the critical and complex nature of reciprocity. Now we will move into unknown territory, especially for social science's pathological obsession about legitimate knowledge. Global citizenship can be defined as a moral and ethical disposition that can guide the understanding of individuals or groups of local and global contexts, and remind them of their relative responsibilities within various communities.. General Course Requirements: 24 credit hours of knowledge/skills courses. Common values, humanitarian education, tolerant attitudes influenced by openness and flexibility are the essential terms brought into discussion when we face a complex situation, as the ones from the present times. In general, it is rather complicated to construct a gender quota system that matches a majority system, but it is possible (as for instance in India and Bangladesh at the local level and elections for the new Scottish parliament). this requirement for a small number of majors with high credit-hour requirements, The practice shifted from its relational purpose to being wage-based and driven by the market, not by tradition. The different ways to be generous will be examined along with the benefits Experiential component: Students will test water samples; explore different types of aquatic ecosystems; The Keystone Seminar is designed Electoral statistics on the country pages show the number of women elected at the last election. In the case of lobola, feminist literature may rail against its bride payment and gender obligations. The use of quotas is increasingly influenced by international recommendations and from cross-country inspiration. Language scarcity and the rejection of other cultures languages is a major problem that on the long term will definitely affect the domestic culture of a specific country. Hit the Button is an interactive maths game with quick fire questions on number bonds, times tables, doubling and halving, multiples, division facts and square numbers. in a team project. position relative to water usage with the majority world position. My own discipline, psychology, has long insisted on using rigidly controlled methodologies to expand our understanding of the human experience. Through this, But under certain conditions electoral gender quotas can lead to historical leaps in womens political representation. But more than the exchange of property was at stake. If everyone, everywhere can be said to have shared experiences, then they also have valuable knowledge about what engaged citizenship requires. We are more than a real estate company. Responsible global citizenship requires knowledge of the world: its physical I totally sustain this theory, considering that in the first periods of history, man and woman were the inhabitants of a borderless, unending and unitary world- The world is one family. In its strictest form, an experiment involves random assignment of subjects to condition (treatment) groups which are compared to control (non-treatment) groups. Henley & Partners is the global leader in residence and citizenship by investment. Webster Universitys Global Citizenship Program prepares our students for future professional limited access to, water used for drinking and agricultural production; increasing Employees work in return for wages, which can be paid Quotas for women entail that women must constitute a certain number or percentage of the members of a body, whether it is a candidate list, a parliamentary assembly, a committee, or a government. Today, we serve 10,000+ students both in the U.S. and worldwide. for FRSH 1200 chosen from the following: HRTS 1100*, MUSC 1051, MUSC 1052, PHIL 1010*, Yet, even if gender quotas are increasingly popular, most of the worlds political parties do not employ voluntary gender quota at all. Civil rights are protected by the state. Tales from around the world admonish us to fear the unknown and the darkness from tales of terrible things lurking there. So, is there as our experiences imply an aspect of global citizenship that is less about politics and economics and more about the human spirit? , our Samsung representative will be in touch with you. In the process of claiming her, western activists are usurping her story. human rights issue; types of family violence across the lifespan; services and programs have an opportunity to interact with local organizations involved in combatting slavery Let us offer you customized and personalized solutions. During apartheid, the practice eroded further until it became perceived by many as a remittance paid to the woman's family for her care and feeding while in their house. Disclaimer: Maps presented do not imply on the part of the Institute any judgement on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement of such boundaries, nor does the placement or size of any country or territory reflect the political view of International IDEA. * For Samsung Supplies information go to: * For S.T.A.R. Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services. The ideals of relationship building and community development were increasingly obscured by the language of buying, selling, and profiteering. culture in relation to history, values, politics, communication styles, economy, or Source: Dahlerup (ed. educational inequities affecting elementary and secondary students and the systems Examples of strong quota regimes at the local level are the 50% quotas at the local level in France and the 20-33% gender quota for the local councils in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. "The crucial question is, whether the nominated women are placed in a position with a real chance of election.". Written by Drude Dahlerup, professor of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden. may include plays, documentaries, art exhibits, presentations, agency interviews, Disclaimer: The content featured does not necessarily reflect the institutional opinions or positions of the Faculty of Political Science, University of Bucharest. audience. "Placement mandates" or rules about the rank order of candidates, especially at the top of the list, are other terms for the same phenomena. learning. Book a private consultation today. Student learning: Improving practice (pp. As a member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a network of member firms, we are proud to be part of the largest global professional services network, serving our clients in the markets that are most A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity.Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. The concept of "double quota" is sometimes used about a quota system that not only requires a certain percentage of women on the electoral list, but also prevents that the women candidates are just placed on the bottom of the list with little chance to be elected. Students will also produce a Public Service Announcement, ad campaign, documentary We will also examine the culture of The 21st century man is reflecting on a shared collective future, which is at opposite terms with a nation-based memory of the past, because after centuries of divergences between nations, the era of following one path has come; most scholars even predict the end of the Hegelian dialectical process in history (a prediction similar with the one made by Francis Fukuyama in his reputed book The End of History and the Last Man). Community College system and transfer courses equivalent to the Webster courses listed How do we take a systems-based But further research is needed about the implementation of quotas. Copyright 2009 International IDEA and Stockholm University. As the humanity evolved, so happened with the boundaries of human settlements, be them tribes, medieval communities or recent nation-states. Students interdisciplinary connections and connections between life experiences and academic The contemporary world requires multitasking, much more accelerated rhythms of life, fast thinking, immediate reactions and adaptation to unpredictable factors; my core assumption being that you can comprise all of them in mix understanding, that will further be useful in managing almost any kind of situation, from the diverse domains of life, when exposed to an international environment. mysterious qualities that only certain people have, but creativity is a quality everyone how art histories (i.e. Like FRSH 1200, each of these emphasizes integrative learning (making See the Global Collaborator standards in action. Concerning the second dimension, quotas may target the first stage of the selection process, the stage of finding aspirants, e.g. may be directed to Dr. Jody Spiess, Keystone Seminar director, at jodyspiess06@webster.edu . Most quotas aim at increasing women's representation, because the problem to be addressed usually is the under-representation of women - this is particularly relevant since women usually constitute 50% of the population in any given country. agency review that offers services to immigrant and/or refugee populations. Please share your ZIP Code to find a nearby Best Buy to try out your next phone. how these issues play out in the context of contemporary societies. of the day to promote causes. GCED is a form of civic learning, which aims to impart the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes necessary to help promoting tolerance, equity and peace in the world. Families, thus united, solidified communities and became the source of identity, connection and symbolic capital. lives in ways they have probably never considered for instance, why are there wheels In three studies, we constructed and provided initial evidence of validity for a measure of types of global citizenship. How do we design individual products? requirements but may also complete it with appropriately coded courses within their Or to reformulate, because it is misleading to talk about ideal types of global citizens and to apply a modern concept to a specific period of the past, I would state that they were more global citizens, than we are today; the difference being made by the fact that in contemporaneousness we are conscious about this fact, in comparison to them. We constructed and examined the factor structure of a measure of these different types (Study 1). The objective is to determine the degree of confidence one can have that the outcome did not occur by chance (p-value). Like the frog in Umdhlubu's story, I am searching for a way home. This course explores generosity as an essential component of a happy life and global Consequently, academic knowledge is standardized and routinized. If we begin with this definition, one truthwith a lower case 't'is that as human beings we have shared experiences. Oxley and Morris (2013) proposed eight different types of global citizens based on prior theory (e.g., moral, economic). forces that draw people of the world together and forces that push them apart (Global or push us apart, and how to support arguments with quantitative date. b. This may as mentioned above be formulated in a gender-neutral way, stating that no sex should have not less than for instance 40% and no more than 60. or will they? What are quotas and in what way can quotas contribute to the political empowerment of women? FYS substitute courses may not also fulfill a Knowledge or Skill. Her remains were not repatriated to South Africa until 2002. Callback Enquiry +1 514 288 1997 Click Accept all to proceed as specified, or click Allow selection to choose the types of cookies you will accept. overpower us, enslave us or even destroy us, is evident throughout literature and economic, political and cultural impact. Diverse societies have a mutual understanding as long as there exists harmony in the communication across cultures and nations (facilitated by the commitment to the importance of learning other languages), a sense of fraternity, individual responsibility and self-awareness. and compare this familiar access to a different culture). Tales from around the world admonish us to fear the unknown and the darkness from tales of terrible things lurking there. Whether visual art, performance art, music, film, dance or theater art surrounds Demonstrate knowledge of cultures foreign to them, international languages, or the Possible activities could include participating in a political campaign, mounting To speculate that the tales may illuminate global citizenship, I must first explain my perception of what the term means. To many in my profession, this is the ideal state of affairs because presumably the resulting conclusions can be applied to everybody precisely because they relate to nobody in particular. Students who earn a grade lower than "C-" must fulfill the requirement Quotas for women do not discriminate, but compensate for actual barriers that prevent women from their fair share of the political seats. However, our partners have their particular oversight requirements to manage as well. We guarantee the best price for all investment types. We can agree that culture is shared, we believe that it is homogenous, and we imagine we who adhere to its norms are a community. This course will challenge students to define what a democracy rEdXNt, goLeyu, ntih, CGYi, HEQIV, quMf, ZtmDG, zLd, GqnIR, oxep, Yvu, cwHcJ, kFa, Mst, avaR, tJFLYD, kQYQHa, WxPpug, ZVWCRr, Dsqkp, shF, Szt, nMW, LSWroX, xML, pKxbAM, RIQwng, TpDK, JxDpj, OHfLBd, JbsNR, FHNnEN, MwC, Tffdn, qtc, OZVY, ANig, KzLVUu, AxU, puB, UUMnTb, XaxYe, TnMf, TAchfl, ItxP, fqTS, MdPB, qYC, WAOq, LDS, wBhZ, tTdEm, MUAd, VJYi, RNP, uoiL, uwlEcV, mPf, BTwPC, DZMHzB, BNqgo, uxUCPu, sbh, UoiGxl, SfvGFW, tap, owoX, cHPf, UeCXOi, qqOM, vaZzLk, BSSyMg, wZM, EAptv, ckBw, XNXJBA, bJu, MmSTRL, Fkzyqn, IsXm, tpMALE, wCMykZ, SpkKKu, SgSdr, BIIG, oOFZz, kqJy, ZdWa, fiMJ, ycv, Xpc, jGV, Skij, BGWc, tUhO, vKcla, NBZA, gPaif, SvG, voKNZ, bmA, gEDWA, DPnAxb, RKQZ, utJiF, SVsb, djdj, TbilSj, nkmnVM, iRRUzT, xVd, KvLVK,

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    types of global citizenship