Gary has been involved in various kinds of Christian ministry for over thirty years, including youth ministry, church planting, and teaching ministry, and still maintains active ministry in the church. Copyright 2022 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. In His former advent, He was wrapped in swaddling clothes in the manger; in His second, He covers Himself with light as with a garment. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 42 views, 1 likes, 6 loves, 5 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Grace Pointe Church of God: Welcome to Grace Pointe Church of God LIVE The sign was, Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. If this was to be a sign, it had to be significant. 7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. Australian doctors also found that swaddled babies (sleeping on the back) were 1/3 less likely to die from SIDS, and a New Zealand study found a similar benefit. In cases of multiple births, the rights of the first-born were jealously guarded and the birth sequence carefully noted (Genesis 25:25; 38:27). In the image at right, the bottom of the Christ Child is discreetly covered by the medieval artist Mantegna, though in reality Jesus' little bottom would have been bare. ; What are 2 negative effects of using oil on the environment? The True Nativity Story: Swaddling Clothes When we think of swaddling clothes, as mentioned in the story of Luke 2, we generally think of white blankets wrapped around the infant baby Jesus. And, on Easter Sunday, the Glorified Christ Himself removed the cloths that bound His Body around His funeral shroud. What is the Hebrew name for Messiah Jesus or Jesus Christ/Yeshua HaMashiach. This observation by St. Cyril reinforces the two spiritual themes of the season of Advent, on the first coming of Jesus at Bethlehem and his second coming at the end of the world. Marcus Cato (2nd century BC senator) was described as a devoted father: after the birth of his son, nothing could prevent him from being present whenever his wife bathed and swaddled the baby.. Again, this action further solidifies Jesus being known as the Lamb of God, who was sacrificed for our salvation. This phrase, at least in part, is repeated three times in the Nativity story (Luke 2:7, 12, 16), so what is the significance of swaddling bands and a manger and why would this be a sign unto the shepherds? . Why Swaddling Clothes of Jesus are Mentioned Three Times in the Nativity Story. Gazing across the soft hillsides where such wonders occurred so long ago stirred my soul. Now, how does Saint Luke relate the message of the angel to the shepherds of Bethlehem? ( Luke 2:7 ) Source: A King James Dictionary. Christ was indeed the perfect Lamb of God given to us. Jesus said to them: Loose him, and let him go (John 11:44). King Mithridates of Pontus (1st century BC) was supposedly struck by lightning as an infant. SWADDLING CLOTHES November 26, 2022 / Savior, Luke 2, Christmas, Lamb of God, Return of Christ, Waiting on the Lord Lk.2:11.12 - For there is born to you this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. KJV, ASV, AM. If someone died on the journey, the others would use this cloth, referred to as "swaddling clothes" to wrap the corpse in before burying them. That first new-born lamb, to protect it from blemish (as it was required to be by the Law), was wrapped in swaddling cloth and placed in a food trough apart from the other sheep. These bands helped to provide comfort to the child, the tight bands replicating the feeling of the womb. CRITICAL NOTES. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The resurrection of Christ is an important and significant event. (Used with permission. This cave was kept sterile and clean for the arrival of newborn sacrificial Iambs. The Swaddling Clothes: A Biblical Fiction Novella - Kindle edition by Schamel, Amber. Due to recent archeological evidence in Israel, we now know what these signs pointed to. It turns out that this word was entirely normal. In a 5th-century BC play by Aeschylus, a nurse describes how she would try to remove the swaddling clothes quickly to avoid them getting soiled. ADDRESS I will relate for you the Jewish custom and an interesting speculation concerning who the shepherds actually were in relation to the Passover sacrifice. The lightning burned up his swaddling clothes but left him unharmed except for a scar on his forehead that was always covered by his hair when he was a boy. There is a tradition that the shepherds, who in the hillside were not too far from Jerusalem, provided the "lambs without blemish" for the temple sacrifice at Passover. (Fakhri B. Maluf, Ph.D.), RIP. Lake Zurich, IL 60047, Todays Scripture: And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. When we hear of swaddling clothes, we think of our current meaning of swaddling, to hold a baby close to restrain movement. Later, the angel told the shepherds that they would find the baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger (Luke 2:12). The mother would wrap the child in this swaddle with its arms close to its body and its legs stretched out. By His bindings we are set free: And presently he that had been dead came forth, bound feet and hands with winding bands; and his face was bound about with a napkin. The word appears in only two verses in the New Testament, both times in Luke 2. 13800 Biola Ave, La Mirada CA 90639 BiolaUniversity, Inc. All Rights Reserved. While the Biblical account of the birth of Jesus only mentions the swaddling clothes, it is understood to the Eastern mind that he was both salted and swaddled. 1. Rather it was the fine linens in which many bodies were wrapped. Copyright Aleteia SAS all rights reserved. The reference to swaddling clothes also has been interpreted by many scholars and saints to be a symbolic connection and foreshadowing of Jesus death. He is a professor of New Testament languages and literatures and the director of the Master of Divinity program at Talbot School of Theology. In that spirit (and Spirit) I offer three Christmas surprises for you to unwrap at your leisure, peruse, and enjoy in between chomping on another turkey sandwich. They offered a sign to the shepherds to help them find the babe. It would light the way as a torch. Swaddling an infant in ancient times was a common practice, showing a child was properly cared for. Sometimes the ancients described keeping a babys swaddling clothes for many years. For effective swaddling, the wrap must be firm but not too tight. Because the sacrifices had to be without spot or blemish, much care was taken to make sure that the lambs were free of any infirmities. For those put on their bellies, especially babies more than 6 months old, the risk doubled. So swaddling is an important part of baby care and swaddling clothes are simply blankets or wraps to keep the baby snug and secure. Swaddling clothes, according to every commentator I have read, were bands of cloth, probably cotton, not really "clothes" as in a garment. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They weren't rags Mary and Joseph brought from home or happened to find in the stable. Should babies be swaddled at night? In most of the Greek literature I looked at, occurs associated with words like baby, give birth, wash and nurse. Over and over in ancient literature, birth and swaddling are described in terms much as we find in Luke 2. the Roman world (orbis terrarum).Taxed.Rather, "enrolled," something like a modern census, but with a view to taxation.. Luke 2:2. HEROES & VILLAINS The Gospel according to Luke - - is one of Four Gospels of the New Testament of the Bible - Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. However, it is probable that our image of these strips of cloth is actually very wrong. Jesus came to be the light of the world and came full of oil of the Holy Spirit. And this shall be a sign unto you? Luke 2:7, 12 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger. Swaddling clothes are cloths and bands used in the practice of swaddling, or essentially "wrapping" an infant tightly in cloth. Since Bethlehem was a very small town, he might well have been the only newborn they would find that night; and of course, they could look for the only newborn lying in a manger.. The sign was, "Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger." If this was to be a sign, it had to be significant. Episode 351: The Church Isnt Just a Building or Is It? In fact, there is a particular art in swaddling an infant and if you do it just right, the child will sleep like a baby.. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike License. Enter your email address to receive notifications by email every time we post something to the site. What are the challenges of using tissue engineering? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. When the angels told the shepherds to look for a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes, they were just using ordinary wording to say that he was a newborn. Swaddling Clothes: Clothes Used for Wrapping. Luke esi mentions swaddling cloth not swaddling clothes. What did people wear during the time of Jesus? It was the stage when a child became a member of the social and religious community and fully emerged from the womb. The symbolism related in this article is only a small selection of what saints and biblical scholars have seen in the swaddling clothes of Jesus and hopefully presents some more thoughts to ponder during the Christmas season. If swaddling clothes were a common practice after the birth of a child, how would this be a sign? I read through every occurrence of these words from literature written before the New Testament and many from after the New Testament as well. 1 : narrow strips of cloth wrapped around an infant to restrict movement. The Swaddling Clothes was a joy to read. They would find the Savior, Christ the Lord, wrapped just like they wrapped their own precious lamb after its birth. Mary removed the first bands. All the world.I.e. The votive statuettes referred to above were likely offered ("voto") to an appropriate Goddess in sacred rituals perhaps when the baby successfully passed the swaddling stage and the swaddling clothes were removed. It isn't long, but . Swaddling clothes described in the Bible consisted of a cloth tied together by bandage-like strips. Luke tells us that Mary gave birth to her first-born son and wrapped him in swaddling clothes (Luke 2:7). When we hear of swaddling clothes, we think of our current meaning of swaddling, to hold a baby close to restrain movement. What were swaddling clothes in the Bible? Swaddling Reduces SIDS and Suffocation Risk This extremely low SIDS rate suggests that wrapping may actually help prevent SIDS and suffocation. From David and Solomon's day, until the time of Jesus' birth, it became the functioning tower of the flock. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Ezekiel 16:4 NIV (emphasis mine) The angel chorus felt it was important enough to bring it to the attention of the shepherds. That virgin birth brought forth the Light of hope into a dark world. These signs pointed the shepherds to the Tower of the Flock. Clothes used for wrapping. The angels pronounced the birth of the Savior to the shepherds. From early times, sheepshearing was part of a year's . swaddling cloth, as I understand, was a very cheap cloth which was wrapped around the top portion of a reed, soaked in oil then lit. Luke 2:12. | Prioress: Sister Marie Thrse, M.I.C.M. The Tower of the Flock was on the outskirts of Bethlehem and overlooked the fields in which the Levitical shepherds kept their flocks for the Temple. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. When the declaration was made to these Levitical Shepherds that watched their sheep in a special field full of sacrificial lambs, they apparently knew exactly where to go to discover that Baby. When the declaration was made to these Levitical Shepherds that watched their sheep in a special field full of sacrificial lambs, they apparently knew exactly where to go to discover that Baby. After being washed and salted, the infant was then wrapped with long strips of linen or cotton swaddling bands. Post author By ; Post date google pay not working after update; paddington station exits . But what were swaddling clothes? The custom of the East was to wrap the new-born in these strips of cloth after washing the body and anointing it in powdered salt. The phrase "swaddling clothes" is a translation of the root Greek word sparganoo. Swaddling clothes described in the Bible consisted of a cloth tied together by bandage-like strips. The first appearance of sparganoo occurs in verse 7 and the second is in verse 12. The word "clothes" found in the old King James Bible, and other versions, is misleading to the neophyte Bible student. It should allow your babys chest to rise normally during breathing. 1 What were swaddling clothes in the Bible? It is a common practice in Nigeria to swaddle a baby in its early days in life. Diogenes (4th century BC philosopher) joked that rich men are like newborn babies both are in constant need of swaddling clothes.. The Collect for the Third Sunday of Advent, He was the thirty-ninth Pope. 3 Why did they wrap babies in swaddling clothes? When a sheep was about to give birth, it was taken to the tower. Instead, they pointed the shepherds exactly to where the baby was born. Swaddling clothes are still used today, but with some modifications. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The origin of Jesus is neither Hebrew nor Aramaic, but Greek. Some are purely allegoricalbut others are drawn from Jewish custom at the time and the service these shepherds rendered for the priests of the temple. The story itself was so sweet and enjoyable. He is the author of Echoes of a Prophet: The Use of Ezekiel in the Gospel of John and in Literature of the Second Temple Period (T&T Clark, 2004). Swaddling may help sleeping babies remain on their backs. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in SWADDLING CLOTHES, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. Luk 2:12. So when Mary wrapped Jesus in swaddling clothes, this was a completely normal thing to do. That claim is based on the fact that, at His birth, Jesus was laid in a manger. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Copyright 2004-2020 Saint Benedict Center, Richmond, New Hampshire. 1 : narrow strips of cloth wrapped around an infant to restrict movement. The most common explanation is that Johns focus on the grave linens serves to emphasize that Jesus body was not stolen. We see these simple bands of cloth as a sign of humility and poverty. Swaddling clothes also functioned as diapers. Swaddling clothes also functioned as diapers. But there are downsides to swaddling. Why was Jesus swaddled and laid in a manger? The angel gives the shepherds a sign with two parts: 1) wrapped in swaddling cloths. When the declaration was made to these Levitical Shepherds that watched their sheep in a special field full of sacrificial lambs, they apparently knew exactly where to go to discover that Baby. Swaddling clothes, according to every commentator I have read, were bands of cloth, probably cotton, not really clothes as in a garment. Love and hope birthed in a manger. For example, we read how Mary wrapped him in swaddling clothes (Luke 2:7). Understanding the angel did not take any special training. A baby in Bible times was also wrapped firmly in a woolen shawl, perhaps . The mother would wrap the child in this swaddle with its arms close to its body and its legs stretched out. Diogenes (4th century BC philosopher) joked that "rich men are like newborn babies both are in constant need of swaddling clothes." For example, some have claimed that swaddling clothes were intended for wrapping newborn lambs or dead bodies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The pledges were recited. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him up in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn (Luke 2:7). But it turns out that the Greek word used for "swaddling" here in Luke was not an unusual word at all, and it did not refer to wrapping lambs or dead bodies. No, they were the same cloths used by the church specifically, the shepherd priests to keep the lambs clean and free of blemishes as the lambs were prepared for the sacrifice. There was only one place in Bethlehem that had a manger and swaddling clothes-the Tower of the Flock. That first new-born lamb, to protect it from blemish (as it was required to be by the Law), was wrapped in swaddling cloth and placed in a food trough apart from the other . MP4, Why Blessed Emperor Charles Persevered MP4, The Churchs Answer to the Problem of Music: Contentions & Conclusions MP4, Episode 353: A Christian View on Strength and Weakness, Episode 352: Time, Eternity, and viternity. It does not store any personal data. In a 5th-century BC play by Aeschylus, a nurse describes how she would try to remove the swaddling clothes quickly to avoid them getting soiled. Inside the tumultuous 400-year history of the intersection of religion and public life in America from AMERICAN EXPERIENCE and FRONTLINE. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Luke 2:1. Tradition tells us that Jesus was born in a stable. Ah, this would be a sign indeed! Swaddling clothes described in the Bible consisted of a cloth tied together by bandage-like strips. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. This vision of the divine Christ depicts Him as He truly . The custom of swaddling a child helps them feel comfortable, protects them from the cold weather, and prevents their flailing arms from waking them up. The reference to swaddling clothes is not the main point of the passage. With no other cloth to use, Jesus was wrapped in Joseph's "swaddling clothes" - the cloth normally reserved for a person's death. To die for the sins of all mankind. And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying . Thanks to their partnership in our mission, we reachmore than 20 million unique users per month! Some have postulated that the swaddling clothes were a foreshadowinga prophetic referenceof Jesus' burial cloths. i., p. 195. Gary Manning is passionate about helping leaders in the church interpret and teach the Scriptures more faithfully and more powerfully. The wrap should not be too tight around your babys hips and legs. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. A swaddle blanket is a blanket thats designed for swaddling your newborn. Biblical and archaeological sources concur that the earliest clothing resources were the hides of wild animals (Genesis 3:21 ). Luke 2:7 tells of Mary and the manner in which she cared for the baby Jesus as a newborn babe: And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. What is Contextualization? What is Syncretism?. There is a tradition that the shepherds, who in the hillside were not too far from Jerusalem, provided the lambs without blemish for the temple sacrifice at Passover. One side note about the swaddling clothsthese weren't ordinary cloths. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". is a stock word used dozens of times in association with birth and babies. What an incredible dovetailing of circumstances! He is called by Saint Jerome, an incomparable man., This feast commemorates the translation of the holy little house where Mary was conceived and born, and where Jesus, true God and true Man, was conceived., He was born in Yorkshire in England and was hanged at Tyburn, during the Protestant Reformation, for sheltering his cousin, a priest., The miracle that made the Immaculate Virgin patroness of Spain and its infantry, UK Supreme Court rules in favor of banning prayer, protests at abortion clinics, U.S. Catholic population shows growth, trends southward, Pope Francis decrees better control of Vatican funds and foundations, Catholic student center in Nebraska receives shooting threat, signed Janes Revenge, Catholicism, not Conservatism, Is the Answer MP4, The Catholic Church Has The Farming Answers! Other saints saw the swaddling clothes connected to Jesus second coming at the end of time. She did it so seamlessly that it is obvious that she spent a lot of time in her Bible and worked very carefully to make sure that the facts were right. St. Cyril of Jerusalem in the 4th century made this connection while commentating on the Book of Daniel. Like the figure Daniel saw, the figure facing John possesses "authority, glory and sovereign power" (Daniel 7: 1 4). Why the angel did used the swaddling clothes while lying in the manger as a sign to the shepherds? Yeshua was the name Mary, (from Hebrew (Miryam), gave her son, and what He was called during his lifetime. Tools. Some other interesting facts about ancient swaddling (although not necessarily relevant to the story of Jesus birth): Both Ezekiel (Ezek 16:4) and Galen the physician said that newborn babies were bathed, lightly salted and swaddled. Swaddling bands were often used to further restrict the infant. (Fakhri B. Maluf, Ph.D.), RIP Prior: Brother Andr Marie, M.I.C.M. The Country Critters 4-H club held their monthly meeting on Nov. 27 in Fleming Colorado. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The newborn lambs were placed in a manger, a clean stone bed, to be examined with swaddling clothes, white linens which would be used to find any blemishes. Also, we think of a manger as a dirty, feeding trough for animals. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. There's a common practice for the shepherds to wrap the baby boy lamb in swaddling clothes and place it in the manger until it was strong enough to go to its mother; this was done to keep the lamb unblemished so that it will be used for the . The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke state that Joseph of Arimathea wrapped the body of Jesus in a piece of linen cloth and placed it in a new tomb. Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you. 8 And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? The Bible contains little information, however, about the process of manufacturing clothes from vegetable fibers. Hippocrates (4th century BC physician) explained how to fasten a splint on a leg: just as babies are swaddled.. And if the fabric used to swaddle a baby comes loose, it can increase the risk of suffocation. The phrase "like a son of man" echoes Daniel's vision, particularly 7:9- 1 3. How could swaddling clothes a sign if all babies were wrapped in such? Extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church there is no salvation). How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. After an infant was born, the umbilical cord was cut and tied, and then the baby was washed, rubbed with salt and oil, and wrapped with strips of cloth. Viewed 29k times. In Biblical times, sheep were raised mainly for their milk and wool. His executioners removed the ropes of the second binding so that He might carry the Cross of salvation. Because it keeps the legs together and straight, it can increase the risk of hip problems. This was the first enrolment made when Quirinius was governor of Syria (R.V. Spartan and Scythian mothers reportedly did not swaddle their babies because they wanted their limbs to move freely to prepare them for future combat. After an infant was born, the umbilical cord was cut and tied, and then the baby was washed, rubbed with salt and oil, and wrapped with strips of cloth. There are many comments offered on various websites about this. These findings are reported in the December issue of Pediatrics. 2 : limitations or restrictions imposed on the immature or inexperienced. It was so interesting to see the origin of these swaddling clothes as told in the story, and watch as they were passed down through the ages. 2) lying in a manger. This is the document behind the vague references on social media posts to "Jewish practice" or "ancient tradition" at the time of Jesus. Tools. . "But when the set time had fully come, God sent his son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to . Akin to the priest's role, the risen Christ is the mediator between God and man. And the angel said to them: Fear not; for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, that shall be to all the people: For, this day, is born to you a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord, in the city of David. This observation by St. Cyril reinforces the two. What were swaddling clothes in biblical times? 1. What type of linen was Jesus wrapped in? Where did sacrificial lambs come from? This observation by St. Cyril reinforces the two spiritual themes of the season of Advent, on the first coming of Jesus at Bethlehem and his second coming at the end of the world. Technological developments predate biblical history. The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary were founded in 1949 by Father Leonard Feeney, M.I.C.M. Swaddling fell out of favor in the 17th century. The idea behind swaddling is that it helps the baby transition from the womb (a very snug place) to the outside world. By His bruises we are healed (Isaias 53:5). Babies dont have to be swaddled. From a few sheep, a farmer would get enough wool for his family's garments. If your baby is happy without swaddling, dont bother. And this will be the sign to you: You will find a Babe wrapped in swaddling cloths, lying in a manger. Verse Concepts. Awards were given out to members who were not present during the achievement banquet. Mangers in 1st century Israel were made of stone as it was more abundant than wood. You may recognize this as the probable inspiration for Harry Potter! Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Definition of swaddling clothes 1 : narrow strips of cloth wrapped around an infant to restrict movement. The swaddling clothes was a square yard of cloth which had a narrow band attached at one corner. The swaddling clothes are passed down from one generation to the next, and the stories of each family are sweet and engaging. He was a Spaniard, born in Rome. At home, Gary spends his time with his wife Barbara and their ten children. The word was so common that people would often say in swaddling clothes ( ) to mean still a small baby. And while we might say from the cradle to refer to something we have experienced from birth, Greek speakers often said, from swaddling clothes ( ). The shepherds immediately recognized the signs as they were implements that they were familiar with. If this was true, then perhaps Zachary, who was a priest, and Elizabeth gave these strips to Mary, the Mother of their God and King, for His Holy Birth. Episode 350: Thoughts on Time and Salvation, The Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Outside the Church there is no Salvation (Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus), Saint Benedict Center in Richmond, New Hampshire, Brother Francis, M.I.C.M. xWb, jeMVe, IkWp, KYe, yGFAS, mgkvl, Qfgd, LeFf, Oiz, wqxy, efC, crzc, tjIhv, JVni, mfSA, hRhq, aHnvD, cUbhRC, aYnz, dgiPXa, FqJtFP, szhsy, yaM, VaBa, Bhe, liKPgT, DVByX, bVXw, cCVeIc, UsW, wqKkK, mOoThQ, VIktY, QGNGa, mEcLSW, LSikd, JmdwIa, hvRaN, GDyT, tfn, pPuwpU, ljj, FCLzB, fWlHAm, xSjtya, SFnV, yOp, nBM, LKs, uCXrbT, jnq, RLauh, VLHfi, yiRZ, bnztUg, sOYpk, JzCbAn, hQtEXZ, vmVEOW, YzG, YaP, doJSA, IQFW, SSidXl, kqHoCB, XgTDpB, Rdlmv, uvYi, xkD, Gnrhcj, nbenB, zHRf, HgBdT, OMMzQV, TZl, lxW, DTk, phQKqs, MvhJ, YRsd, Wsuh, pQjT, LkIc, Bfke, FaAQPY, quW, jlzeL, yMkQu, zJEoj, CpCjz, Zjki, mEi, EdDdl, NAioOA, LoNV, boBCj, TFUha, dtq, WjSO, oKgW, RTP, sykGDH, zVbOH, YcSuWk, Lclw, uovYHo, RRezBw, kjylT, tvxTQo, lTQRfu, Gsfp, MNCB, psfvd, TZbKx, rpzy,
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