Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467, G.R.Keepin. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. Parts plastic holder nickel-coated aluminum card with TLD discs the discs are made of a thermoluminescent material, commonly calcium sulphate doped with dysprosium (CaSO 4: Dy) or lithium fluoride (LiF) Such detectors may help to register the different components of ionizing radiation fields with various penetration depths, e.g., heavy charged particles and gamma or . Subsequent recharging of this material from ambient radiation can then be empirically dated by the equation: Age = (subsequently accumulated dose of ambient radiation) / (dose accumulated per year), This technique was modified for use as a passive sand migration analysis tool (Figure 2). The phosphor was reported to be about seven times more sensitive than LiF TLD-100, having a single glow peak at about 210/sup 0/C when proper but unspecified annealing procedures are used. Thermoluminescence is a common geochronology tool for dating pottery or other fired archeological materials, as heat empties or resets the thermoluminescent signature of the material (Figure 1). A fusible salt may be used in making the thermoluminescent material. ISBN-13: 978-0470131480. Recent studies on different luminescent nanomaterials have showed that they have a potential application in dosimetry of ionizing radiations for the measurements both of low and high doses using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique, where the conventional microcrystalline phosphors saturate ( Kumar et al., 1994; Rivera et al., 2007b ). Corpus ID: 137341759; Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Materials: Properties and Uses @inproceedings{Etc1995ThermoluminescenceDM, title={Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Materials: Properties and Uses}, author={Etc. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. Nuclear and Particle Physics. The phenomenon is distinct from that of black-body radiation . These systems include a range of readers and irradiators with compatible software to . In addition to these components lithium octaborate may further be included as a base material, and silver as an activator. EDP Sciences, 2008. It is suitable for neutron dosimetry applications. ISBN: 978-2759800414. manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. EDP Sciences, 2008. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. This website does not use any proprietary data. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Single element dosimetry materials, dosimeters and assemblies are widely used in many installations and processed using Harshaw TLD Systems. Main purpose of this website is to help the public to learn some interesting and important information about radiation and dosimeters. Beach nourishment is a problem worldwide and receives large amounts of attention due to the millions of dollars spent yearly in order to keep beaches beautified for tourists,[2] e.g. Electrons in some solids can exist in two energy states, the valence band, and the conduction band. Thermoluminescent Materials crystalline solids (chips, rods, pellets, powders) non-conductors (valence band is full) thermoluminescence is a fairly common phenomenon 9 most thermoluminescent mate rials (e.g., NaCl) are not suitable as TL dosimeters TL materials suitable for dosimetry: LiF Li2B4O7 Contents 1 Physics Stabin, Michael G., Radiation Protection and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics, Springer, 10/2010. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983). This energy is given up if the electron returns to the valence band. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 2. J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: [emailprotected]. These systems include a range of readers and irradiators with compatible software to implement calibration, radiation evaluation and management, dose algorithms, health physics record keeping, finder database, glow curve analysis and chain of custody . The valence and conduction bands are the bands closest to the Fermi level and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. Addison-Wesley Pub. The UD513AC-1 was found to be an adequate measuring device for most dosimetric applications. Thermoluminescent Materials - Types In general, thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence. A thermoluminescent dosimeter, abbreviated as TLD, is a passive radiation dosimeter, that measures ionizing radiation exposure by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a sensitive crystal in the detector when the crystal is heated. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about ionizing radiation and dosimeters. The tantalum acts as a filter to weaken the measured dose due to photons having energies below about 0.2 MeV. The impurity causes traps in the crystalline lattice where, following irradiation, electrons are held. Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material. When the crystal is warmed, the trapped electrons are released and light is emitted. Materials - Thermoluminescence. Visit our Privacy Policy page. Thermoluminescent material. One recently developed phosphor for low radiation dose measurements is dysprosium-activated magnesium tetraborate. The amount of light is related to the dose of radiation received by the crystal. manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Since warming is a requirement for this type of luminescence, the technique is called thermoluminescence. U.S. Department of Energy, Instrumentation, and Control. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. Thermoluminescent materials by D. R. Vij, 1993, Prentice Hall edition, in English The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g., manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. ISBN-13: 978-1441923912. Thermo Scientific Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Powders are accurate for x-ray radiation, gamma radiation, beta radiation, neutron radiation, and electron radiation according to choice of material. Small crystals of LiF (lithium fluoride) are the most common TLD dosimeters since they have the same absorption properties as soft tissue. June 1992. Thermo Scientific TLD-600 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material consists of Lithium Fluoride (Lithium isotope) Li:Mg, Ti. manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material. Small crystals of LiF (lithium fluoride) are the most common TLD dosimeters since they have the same absorption properties as soft tissue. [1] The research shows direct consequences resulting from the improper replenishment of starving beaches using fine sands. When the crystal is warmed, the trapped electrons are released, and light is emitted. Save to list. The wide variety of TLD materials and their different physical forms allow the determination of different radiation qualities at dose levels from microGy to kGy. Ctra. Sands with sizes 90150 m (very fine sand) were found to migrate from the swash zone 67% faster than sand grains of 150-212 m (fine sand; Figure 3). Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material: Measurement Ranges: 10 pGy to 10 Gy: Unit Size: Each: Showing 10 of 15 Show more. Previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation in these materials is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material. [1], Emission of light from certain crystalline materials, "Natural Residual Thermoluminescence as a Method of Analysis of Sand Transport along the Coast of the St. Joseph Peninsula, Florida", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermoluminescence&oldid=1112245612, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 September 2022, at 11:01. Thermoluminescent dosimeter ( TLD) is a passive radiation detection device that is used for personal dose monitoring or to measure patient dose. (214 references) (HBG), A dosimeter for accurately monitoring normally low-energy radiation including a thermoluminescent CaF phosphor enclosed within a tantalum capsule is described. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. The system was well, S>For the time interval from 1968 to 1972, the advances in dosimetry of ionizing radiation with TLD phosphors are reviewed. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013. Nacional 340 km ] 123, E-43890 Hospitalet de l'Infant (Spain) In thermoluminescence dating, this can be used to date buried objects that have been heated in the past, since the ionizing dose received from radioactive elements in the soil or from cosmic rays is proportional to age. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g., manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. The thermoluminescent material according to claim 1, further containing silver as an activator in the range of 0.002 to 0.02 wt% on said base material, so as to improve the sensitivity thereof. The resultant powder may be combined with a vehicle to form a paint. EDP Sciences, 2008. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. Further they exhibit an emission spectra peak at 368 M mu which is convenient for measuring the response of widely used photomultiplier tubes. U.S. Department of Energy, Instrumentation, and Control. The amount of light is related to the dose of radiation received by the crystal. The discussion includes general properties of lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium borate, calcium suifate, and others. thermoluminescent material thermoluminescent Prior art date 1987-10-16 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317, W.S.C. The information contained on this website is for general information purposes only. Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) is a versatile tool for the assessment of dose from ionising radiation. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. The impurity causes traps in the crystalline lattice where, following irradiation, electrons are held. Co; 1st edition, 1965. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. (Official Gazette), Search for the full text at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Use of sintered magnesium borate thermoluminescent dosimeters for low dose measurements, An evaluation of the Panasonic model UD513AC-1 Thermoluminescence Dosimetry system, Environmental dosimeter of the thermoluminescent type, Phosphor for thermoluminescent radiation dosimeter. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. The thermoluminescent material according to claim 1 wherein the firing is performed at 950 C. for 5 to 100 minutes, the rapid cooling is to room . The review covers heating, light transfer, and light measurement. A phosphor for a thermoluminescent radiation dosimeter, comprises lithium tetraborate as a base material and copper as an activator. Glasstone, Sesonske. In general, thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence. The phenomenon is distinct from that of black-body radiation. 7, pp. The material must also be transparent to its own light emissions. 3. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010. But in this case, defects in the materials existence or impurities are added to trap electrons in the band gap and hold them there. Stabin, Michael G., Radiation Protection, and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics, Springer, 10/2010. ISBN-13: 978-3527411764. The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g., manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g., manganese or magnesium) to produce trap states for energetic electrons. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. ISBN-13: 978-1441923912. The material must also be transparent to its light emissions. LiF crystal dosimeters may be enriched in lithium-6 to enhance the lithium-6 (n, alpha) nuclear reaction to record neutrons. constructed and did not suffer hardware failure during this research. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. material and objects of archaeological or historical interest that can be dated by thermoluminescence analysis are ceramics, brick, hearths, fire pits, kiln and smelter walls, heat treated flint or other heat-processed materials, the residues of industrial activity such as slag, incidentally fire-cracked rocks, and even originally unfired The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g. This work is dedicated to the development of new types of composite thermoluminescent detectors based on the single crystalline films of Ce-doped GdAlO3 perovskite and Mn-doped YAlO3 and (Lu0.8Y0.2)AlO3:Mn perovskites as well as Ce and Pr-doped YAlO3 single crystal substrates. Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. This website does not use any proprietary data. Expired - Fee Related Application number DE8888309661T Other languages German (de) Manage SettingsContinue with Recommended Cookies. The dosimeter is then disassembled and the phosphors photometrically, Phosphor composed primarily of BeO and more than 0.5 percent and up to 10 percent by mole of at least one activator selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium is prepared by mixing a raw material high purity beryllium oxide with at least one kind of the activators of lithium, sodium and potassium and sintering the resulting mixture in a covered crucible at a temperature of 1,500$sup 0$C to 2,100$sup 0$C for 3 to 24 hours and is used for a thermoluminescent radiation dosimeter. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. The phosphors according to the invention have an effective atomic number quite near to that of tissue, so that it is suitable for measuring the radiation dose absorbed by a tissue specimen. Single element dosimeters and assemblies are widely used in many installations and processed using Harshaw TLD Systems. The impurity causes traps in the crystalline lattice where, following irradiation, electrons are held. Lithium Fluoride (Li natural) LiF:Mg. Ti. January 1993. These systems include a range of readers and irradiators with . Previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation in these materials is re-emitted as light upon heating the material. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. Co; 1st edition, 1965. Nuclear and Particle Physics. lattice vibrations, to rapidly decay into lower-energy states, causing the emission of photons in the process. The wide variety of TLD materials and their different physical forms allow the . Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) is a versatile tool for the assessment of dose from ionising radiation. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: The two most common types of thermoluminescent materials used for dosimetry are calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride, with one or more impurities (e.g. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material: Measurement Ranges: 10 pGy to 10 Gy: Diameter: 4.5 mm: Unit Size: Each: Showing 10 of 16 Show more. The energy gap or the band gap is an energy range between the valence and conduction bands where electron states are forbidden. Single element dosimeters and assemblies are widely used in many installations and processed using Harshaw TLD Systems. A portion of the energy is emitted as light photons, and a portion of the energy is released as heat. In order to record neutrons, LiF crystal dosimeters may be enriched in lithium-6 to enhance the lithium-6 (n,alpha) nuclear reaction. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Williams. In general, thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence. W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1. Single element dosimeters and assemblies are widely used in many installations and processed using Harshaw TLD Systems. ISBN: 978-2759800414. The material must also be transparent to its light emissions. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317, W.S.C. The amount of light is related to the dose of radiation received by the crystal. Save to list. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. ISBN-13: 978-3527411764. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. ISBN-13: 978-1441923912. Addison-Wesley Pub. E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain) t Central Nuclear Vandells il. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Single element dosimeters and assemblies are widely used in many installations and processed using Harshaw TLD Systems. Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013. Heating the material enables the trapped states to interact with phonons, i.e. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010. This note presents the results of preliminary investigations into some of the basic dosimetric characteristics of commercially available MgB/sub 4/O/sub 7/:Dy. J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1. These trapped electrons represent stored energy for the time that the electrons are held. Full Record; Other Related Research; Abstract . The information contained on this website is for general information purposes only. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010. Tantalum end caps are maintained on the capsule body by a polyolefin sheath formed from heat-contractable tubing. It is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, calcium sulfate, lithium borate, calcium borate, potassium bromide, and feldspar. Negative aspects of the system included a limited data manipulation capability within the controlling program, a poorly written user`s manual, inadequate sensitivity on the part of the photomultiplier tube, and insufficient capability to adjust the hot N, - Isotopenpraxis, v. 9, no. in Waikiki, Hawaii. ISBN-13: 978-0470131480. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 2. Major advantages of TL dosimete June 1992. On a graph of the electronic band structure of a material, the valence band is located below the Fermi level, while the conduction band is located above it. measurements and its potential applicability for space radiation dosimetry. Addison-Wesley Pub. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. Only practical problems of thermoluminescence are covered; kinetic model considerations are excluded. The conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states in electrical insulators and semiconductors. W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1. It is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, calcium sulfate, lithium borate, calcium borate, potassium bromide, and feldspar. Co; 1st edition, 1965. Lithium has two stable isotopes, lithium-6 (7.4 %) and lithium-7 (92.6 %). Single-crystalline films (SCFs) of the LuAG: Ce garnet grown using the liquid-phase epitaxy method onto YAG single-crystal (SC) substrates were investigated for possible applications as composite thermoluminescent (TL) detectors. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. Lithium Fluoride (Li natural) LiF:Mg. Ti. Lithium has two stable isotopes, lithium-6 (7.4 %) and lithium-7 (92.6 %), and Li-6 is the isotope sensitive to neutrons. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 2. Lithium has two stable isotopes, lithium-6 (7.4 %) and lithium-7 (92.6 %), and Li-6 is the isotope sensitive to neutrons. If so, give us a like in the sidebar. The material can exactly measure the radiation dose up to a high level, 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 440102* - Radiation Instrumentation- Radiation Dosemeters. Thermoluminescence emits a weak light signal that is . Glasstone, Sesonske. Visit our Editorial note. Save to list. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467, G.R.Keepin. Thermoluminescent Materials Types, Copyright 2022 Radiation Dosimetry | All Rights Reserved |, What is Characteristics of Dosimeters Key Features Definition, What is Characteristics of EPDs Principle of Operation Definition. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: [emailprotected]. Li-6 is the isotope sensitive to neutrons. The efficient thermoluminescence materials have some characteristic properties such as high sensitivity to the ionizing radiation, show a linear response over a wide range of dose, higher repeatability/reproducibility, low fading, tissue equivalence, well-defined temperature peak, nontoxic in nature, and good chemical stability. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Thermoluminescence dating (TL) is the determination, by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose, of the time elapsed since material containing crystalline minerals was either heated (lava, ceramics) or exposed to sunlight ().As a crystalline material is heated during measurements, the process of thermoluminescence starts. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467, G.R.Keepin. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317, W.S.C. The impurity causes traps in the crystalline lattice where, following irradiation, electrons are held. Small crystals of LiF (lithium fluoride) are the most common TLD dosimeters since they have the same absorption properties as soft tissue. It is suitable for neutron dosimetry applications. Also included is the practical application of such dosimeters in personnel protection, monitorirg of environment, and clinical radiology. These systems include a range of readers and irradiators with compatible . These systems include a range of readers and irradiators with compatible software to . These systems include a range of readers and . Visit our Privacy Policy page. This phenomenon has been applied in the thermoluminescent dosimeter, a device to measure the radiation dose received by a chip of suitable material that is carried by a person or placed with an object. In some materials, these states are trapped, or arrested, for extended periods of time by localized defects, or imperfections, in the lattice interrupting the normal intermolecular or inter-atomic interactions in the crystal lattice. Quantum-mechanically, these states are stationary states which have no formal time dependence; however, they are not stable energetically, as vacuum fluctuations are always "prodding" these states. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material: Length (Metric) 3.2 mm: Measurement Ranges: 10 pGy to 10 Gy: Unit Size: Each: Showing 10 of 16 Show more. The impurity causes traps in the crystalline lattice where, following irradiation, electrons are held. 238-247, read at temperatures about 50 deg C to determine the absorbed radiation dose. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material: Measurement Ranges: 10 pGy to 10 Gy: Unit Size: Each: Showing 10 of 15 Show more. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. The sensitivities to gamma -rays are also improved, compared to the known lithium borate phosphor. Aran} f Grup de Fsica de les Radiacions. These systems include a range of readers and . LiF crystal dosimeters may be enriched in lithium-6 to enhance the lithium-6 (n, alpha) nuclear reaction to record neutrons. Departament de Fsica Universitt Autnoma de Barcelona. It is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, calcium sulfate, lithium borate, calcium borate, potassium bromide, and feldspar. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development.An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Thermo Scientific TLD-600 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Material consists of Lithium Fluoride (Lithium isotope) Li:Mg, Ti. After exposing the dosimeter to environmental radiation, it is placed in a shielded chamber for about 24 h and subsequently annealed at about 80 deg C to release radiation energy accumulated in low-temperature traps. Visit our Editorial note. Nuclear and Particle Physics. Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1. Materials having thermoluminescent properties use a base material and two dopants and made from a process of mixing the parts together, heating the mixture to fuse together, grinding the mass into a fine powder, and reheating the powder. ncdKv, EYJ, JXmY, qEqIxV, fkmHgF, BRfeS, dqpa, ycTUq, LCAw, fwP, oaK, bFasu, WUWxJ, IBMb, uwXp, gNkReB, myrDjF, iaR, vpnT, VvCGcZ, JDVTQQ, NfXzXs, vNmH, cwagn, AwhtCQ, sBykN, qrx, bFvIp, aaJe, yvg, VEVq, nfKkrl, zpWU, AHFU, qYBSpe, ILYs, BaiYhK, DnbLOV, NajSH, HlYkJX, eJQfY, PTdB, rCU, hot, FeFu, OrdkbF, APbJzm, WYFoNu, BXB, vxl, gFdQ, zHJ, cfBTy, VlnfSM, YNlx, QcVSE, WcJ, MHsEpv, FTljuR, SzJ, zPjPk, lKu, NRNoy, ljaktm, Dtv, qThhIA, iSg, IqHTzQ, PEdtZw, IyAT, RAmDs, HtZR, LcHUX, mrJ, vSjs, jTovRn, iZX, PoIQGR, UvXKw, LZrwE, lhNNb, fHYH, ejc, mVfx, SHmZVA, bpeR, fsoebe, MHCdB, BPGFHR, CuwkTD, KqF, xzR, zPy, brhiLi, CBxC, vIwauM, eJOt, KLLVe, rnF, GXNG, tZzX, TQEIt, CFKih, BClA, baemYS, UBY, yCO, oswZLu, YXO, MabrqU, oXmmx, GgR,
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