When it comes to breeding, band-tailed pigeons scatter and make maybe one or two nests per hectare, whereas passenger pigeons were very social and would make 10,000 or more nests in one hectare. Since the disappearance of this key species, ecosystems in the eastern US have suffered, as the lack of disturbance caused by thousands of passenger pigeons wrecking trees and branches means there has been minimal need for regrowth. Yet when Dutch explorers landed in 1722, they met a Stone Age culture. They failed to take into account that purpose-built street cafs could not operate in the hot sun without the protective awnings common in older buildings, and would need energy-consuming air conditioning instead, or that its giant car park would feel so unwelcoming that it would put people off getting out of their cars. On wide major roads, they often guide pedestrians to specific crossing points and slow down their progress across the road by using staggered access points divide the crossing into two one for each carriageway. 37 Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern peoples reactions to works of art. There were specific requirements/properties for the metal used in the floating process: melting at the temperature less than the hardening point of glass, not boiling below the temperature of the molten glass. 29. Archaeological finds of nuts from the extinct Easter Island palm show tiny grooves, made by the teeth of Polynesian rats. A 1836B 1840C 1965D 1967E 1971F 1979G 1982. In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analysed the visual intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level of detail to please the brain. 35 Certain ideas regarding the link between mirror neurons and art appreciation require further verification. They then had to judge which they preferred. For eight years, it was quite a lonesome field, Heinrichs recalls. Some scientific insights into how the brain responds to abstract art B. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Therefore, in the answer number 7 you can write tin or metal. TEST 1 READING PASSAGE 2 T he pyramids are the most famous monuments of ##### ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in ##### the present day. In the last sentence, the writer confirms that The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws. Alexander McKee Knew that the wreck would contain many valuable historical objects. TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOTGIVEN if there is no information on this. TRUE A more radical strategy is combine and transcend. This mental break might facilitate the replenishment of mental resources. Diamond thinks they laid the moai on wooden sledges, hauled over log rails, but that required both a lot of wood and a lot of people. How to make wise decisions Reading Answers PASSAGE 3. What seems entirely predictable and controllable on screen has unexpected results when translated into reality. A It did not require Tesco to modify its core business activities. (lifting) cradle Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet. linguistic groups = languages lack = does not exist => ANSWER: Vocabulary, Key words: sense of smell, involve, and do not smell In paragraph E, Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air, so chemicals are things which sometimes do not smell in the air. Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated, overladen and sailing too low in the water, others that she was mishandled by undisciplined crew. Diamond also claims that the moai were built to show the power of the islands chieftains, and that the methods of transporting the statues needed not only a great number of people, but also a great deal of24. However, the software was programmed such that is was nearly impossible to achieve 10 consecutive correct answers. Note: The above content is copyrighted by Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment. Match each research finding with the correct researcher, A-F. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet. This means that, during the time of the Medieval Warm Period, Europeans discovered other lands like Greenland and North America. CThe moai, he thinks, accelerated the self-destruction. 28 What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass? We need radical changes, to make it healthier, more enjoyable, and less environmentally damaging to travel around cities. 40 Cheng and Wangs conclusions were in line with established notions regarding task performance. Cambridge IELTS 8 is the latest IELTS exam preparation. Not given 24. while under the influence of oxytocin. BWhen the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees. Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet. Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from Mondrians geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollocks seemingly haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? => ANSWER: NOT GIVEN, Key words: Pilkingtons first full-scale plant, commercial success Paragraph 5, However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company 100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Finally, if aspects of the category clash with undesired outcomes of a trend, such as associations with unhealthy lifestyles, there is an opportunity to counteract those changes by reaffirming the core values of your category. 34 It implemented an incentive scheme to demonstrate its corporate social responsibility. NOT GIVEN3. vi21. Questions 18-20Look at the following research findings (Questions 18-20) and the list of researchers below. The figures fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to roll and rock them side to side. In the first paragraph, the first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. But in 1965, military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called Solent Ships. The site of the Mary Rose was found by chance. If extinct species can be brought back to life, can humanity begin to correct the damage it has caused to the natural world over the past few millennia? This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive. Ordinary search techniques proved unsatisfactory, so McKee entered into collaboration with Harold E. Edgerton, professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Few chemicals have as positive a reputation as oxytocin, which is sometimes referred to as the love hormone. We certainly do have an inclination to follow the crowd. If analysis reveals an increasing disparity between your category and consumers new focus, your innovations need to transcend the category to integrate the two worlds. 19 examples: To further refine the substantial relation test, judges employed the concepts of judicial notice Hence, the answer is TRUE. birds24. Oxytocin probably does some very basic things, but once you add our higher-order thinking and social situations, these basic processes could manifest in different ways depending on individual differences and context.. By 1649, the Dutch broke the 150-year Portuguese monopoly when they overran and occupied their factories. 20 The effect of oxytocin varies from one type of person to another. A He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group setting. It is easy to imagine that this mentality would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer. A can appreciate a painting without fully understanding it.B find it satisfying to work out what a painting represents.C vary widely in the time they spend looking at paintings. D its universality in animal societies. Athe period when the moai were createdBhow the moai were transportedCthe impact of the moai on Rapanui societyDhow the moai were carvedEthe origins of the people who made the moai. Neurological studies of the brain, for example, demonstrate the impact which Impressionist paintings have on our31 ..Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool believes many artists give their works the precise degree of32 ..which most appeals to the viewers brain. Passage 1: BRINGING CINNAMON TO EUROPE Questions 1-9: Complete the notes below. Diamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its forests, cutting down its trees for fuel and clearing land for21 ..Twentieth-century discoveries of pollen prove that Rapu Nui had once been covered in palm forests, which had turned into grassland by the time the Europeans arrived on the island. Puedes hacer los ejercicios online o descargar la ficha como pdf. Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? If that contagious cancer had popped up previously, it would have burned out in whatever region it started. When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same. Paragraph 1: On 19 July, 1545.. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet. A follow what some of its competitors were doing. In contrast to the many companies that responded to the recession by cutting prices, Coach saw the new consumer mindset as an opportunity for innovation and renewal. In 2006, they teamed up with technology company Apple to launch Nike+, a digital sports kit comprising a sensor that attaches to the running shoe and a wireless receiver that connects to the users iPod. . C safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods. An important factor in trying to salvage theMary Rosewas that the remaining hull was an open shell. In a similar study, Oshin Vartanian of Toronto University asked volunteers to compare original paintings with ones which he had altered by moving objects around within the frame. YES39. Many ignore trends in their innovation strategies or adopt a wait-and-see approach and let competitors take the lead. In doing so they make crossings feel longer, introducing psychological barriers greatly impacting those that are the least mobile, and encouraging others to make dangerous crossings to get around the guard rails. While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet. 9 TRUE. 23 Reintroducing an extinct species to its original habitat could improve the health of a particular species living there. In short, Hunt and Lipo argue, the prehistoric Rapanui were pioneers of sustainable farming. 10 FALSE. In 1967, Edgertons side-scan sonar systems revealed a large, unusually shaped object, which McKee believed was theMary Rose. Cheng and Wang then replicated these results in a second study, during which they had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. Flying in vast numbers across North America, with potentially many millions within a single flock, their migration was once one of natures great spectacles. 14 a reference to how further disappearance of multiple species could be avoided. Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet. Together, the results fuelled the view that oxytocin universally enhanced the positive aspects of our social nature. Write the correct letter in box40on your answer sheet. B 28. C 29. Questions 1-9Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet. It was agreed that the hull of the Mary Rose should be raised.8. how the moai were transportedC. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, others a relaxing scene with dolphins swimming in the ocean, and others a factual video about the management profession. People belonging to the ethnic group called the Salagama would peel the bark off young shoots of the cinnamon plant in the rainy season when the wet bark was more pliable. What destroyed the civilisation of Easter Island? Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. Hunt and Lipos vision, therefore, is one of an island populated by peaceful and ingenious moai builders and careful stewards of the land, rather than by reckless destroyers ruining their own environment and society. => ANSWER: C Modern Warm Period, Key words: cutting down of trees, affect, climate In paragraph F, also in the Modern Warm Period: Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers axestriggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? The problem of the hull being sucked back downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks. Built in Portsmouth some 35 years earlier, she had had a long and successful fighting career, and was a favourite of King Henry VIII. There are two methods of making flat glass. We shouldnt underestimate the importance of the style of a particular artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time. " More controversial is the date of the enigmatic Long Man of Wilmington is Sussex. Before Europeans arrived, the Rapanui had descended into civil war and cannibalism, he maintains. To test this theory, the researchers recruited 74 business students, ostensibly for an experiment on perception. Choreographers have deep understanding of the psychological, aesthetic, and physical implications of different ways of moving. Whereas medieval builders improvised and adapted construction through their intimate knowledge of materials and personal experience of the conditions on a site, building designs are now conceived and stored in media technologies that detach the designer from the physical and social realities they are creating. coconut oil12. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It affects primitive parts of the brain like the amygdala, so its going to have many effects on just about everything. Bartz agrees. C(25 & 26 in any order), 27. In interpreting your score, there are a number of points you should bear in mind. Soil erosion decreased their crop yields. Then, on 16 June 1836, some fishermen in the Solent found that their equipment was caught on an underwater obstruction, which turned out to be the Mary Rose. But in 1965, military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called Solent Ships. fruits 9. coconut fibre10. Where once researchers took no notice of such findings, now a more nuanced understanding of oxytocins effects is propelling investigations down new lines. A The way we travel around cities has a major impact on whether they are sustainable. US scientist Jared Diamond believes that the Rapanui people descendants of Polynesian settlers wrecked their own environment. Practice Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 2 with Answers.Raising the Mary Rose, . The Mary Rose was the only ship to sink in the battle of 19 July 15453. She also observes that pleasing works of art often contain certain repeated33 ..which occur frequently in the natural world. 5 Hebrew. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the entire site became covered with a layer of hard grey clay, which minimised further erosion. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage. Before Europeans arrived on the island, the state had organized the cultivation of cinnamon. Richard Sennett, an influential urbanist and sociologist who has transformed ideas about the way cities are made, argues that urban design has suffered from a separation between mind and body since the introduction of the architectural blueprint. What set it apart was that it incorporated the traditional physical component of childrens play: it contained a pedometer, which tracked and awarded points for physical activity (walking, running, biking, skateboarding, climbing stairs). Deane dived down, and found the equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the seabed. This paragraph refers to information about a book ~ a study which considers evidence during the last ten centuries = a thousand years. An important factor in trying to salvage the Mary Rose was that the remaining hull was an open shell. This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the stabbing guides of the lifting cradle. The Little Ice Age has had an effect on todays world. Cambridge IELTS 14 Reading Test 2 with Answers Academic . Most of one side of the Mary Rose lay undamaged under the sea. So, before records began, we have only proxy records reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. 3. Analysis revealed that, as expected, high-status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs relative to the low-status individuals. This site and its owners are not affiliated, approved or endorsed by the University of Cambridge ESOL, the British Council, and IDP Education Australia. She believes that oxytocin acts as a chemical spotlight that shines on social clues a shift in posture, a flicker of the eyes, a dip in the voice making people more attuned to their social environment. The identity of the moai builders was in doubt until well into the twentieth century. While the design practices created by these new technologies are essential for managing the technical complexity of the modern city, they have the drawback of simplifying reality in the process. Eventually, the Dutch began cultivating their own cinnamon trees to supplement the diminishing number of wild trees available for use. Whats more, administering oxytocin also has sharply contrasting outcomes depending on a persons disposition. She also observes that pleasing works of art often contain certain repeated33 which occur frequently in the natural world. When your categorys basic value proposition continues to be meaningful for consumers influenced by the trend, the infuse-and-augment strategy will allow you to reinvigorate the category. Toward the end of the Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including their consumption of spices. Cambridge 13 Reading Test 2 READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Complete the summary using the list of words,A-H, below. A CoachB TescoC NikeD iToys. The ways we travel affect our physical and mental health, our social lives, our access to work and culture, and the air we breathe. The Dutch allied themselves with Kandy, an inland kingdom on Ceylon. is not disrupted. The purpose of this article is twofold: to spur managers to think more expansively about how trends could engender new value propositions in their core markets, and to provide some high-level advice on how to make market research and product development personnel more adept at analyzing and exploiting trends. 4. A Markus HeinrichsB Simone Shamay-TsooryC Jennifer BartzD Carolyn DeClerckE Carsten De DreuF Sue Carter. Match each statement with the correct person, Another study, conducted by David Cheng and Lu Wang of Australian National University, was based on the hypothesis that humour might provide a respite from tedious situations in the workplace. Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated, overladen and sailing too low in the water, others that she was mishandled by undisciplined crew. If you find difficulties in reading passage to find the right answer in the exam, just read the post carefully. Bartz has recently shown that in almost half of the existing research results, oxytocin influenced only certain individuals or in certain circumstances. B It was a strategy that only a major company could afford to follow. Diamond also claims that the moai were built to show the power of the islands chieftains, and that the methods of transporting the statues needed not only a great number of people, but also a great deal of24 Recent Tests The guard rails separate 12., and make it more difficult to introduce forms of transport that are 13. A interpretation B complexity C emotions, D movementsE skillF layout, G concernH images. Or it could simply motivate people to seek out social connections. Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanui civilisation collapsed when the palm forest did. It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws. Then in the nineteenth century slave traders decimated the population, which shrivelled to 111 people by 1877. In the 1970s and 1980s, though, researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments, which proved the island had been covered in lush palm forests for thousands of years. Diamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its forests, cutting down its trees for fuel and clearing land for21. Questions 33 36: Choose the correct letter,A, B, C or D. Questions 37-40: Complete the sentences below. 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