However, due to a consistently strong wind shear and a weak Intertropical Convergence Zone, South Atlantic tropical cyclones are rare. [1][4] For comparison, this is 10.7C (19.3F) colder than subliming dry ice (at sea level pressure). The weather in Antarctica can be highly variable, and the weather conditions can often change dramatically in short periods of time. Earth, the blue planet: the oceans combined with the atmosphere makes the planet look blue.So its color mainly comes from water. French Guiana is a French overseas department, while the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are British overseas territories. Don't forget to save the park for offline use before you arrive. Eventually, the natives and the Spaniards interbred, forming a mestizo class. Chile is one of the top 5 producers of sweet cherries in the world. There are five major types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, though some of these biomes can be further divided into more specific categories, such as freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rain. [216], After Brazil, Colombia is the country in South America that most stands out in energy production. Due to the Andes Mountains, Amazon River and Amazon Forest, there have always been difficulties in implementing transcontinental or bioceanic highways. Both Buenos Aires, Argentina and So Paulo, Brazil figure among the largest Jewish populations by urban area. Enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas on slave ships, under inhuman conditions and ill-treatment, and those who survived were sold in slave markets. An isolated volcanic island near the boundary between the, Occasionally included. [91], Only Brazil and Argentina are part of the G20 (industrial countries), while only Brazil is part of the G8+5 (the most powerful and influential nations in the world). Brazil has more than 1.7 million km of roads, of which 215,000km are paved, and about 14,000km are divided highways. Dutch is the official language of Suriname; English is the official language of Guyana, although there are at least twelve other languages spoken in the country, including Portuguese, Chinese, Hindustani and several native languages. "It's not just less rain, it's also that it's got much warmer, so the overall soil moisture has decreased.". Mestizos (mixed European and Amerindian) are the largest ethnic group in Bolivia, Paraguay, Venezuela, Colombia[82] and Ecuador and the second group in Peru and Chile. WebSouth America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. The Spaniards were committed to converting their native subjects to Christianity and were quick to purge any native cultural practices that hindered this end; however, many initial attempts at this were only partially successful, as native groups simply blended Catholicism with their established beliefs and practices. The largest of Antarctica's ice shelves (floating tongues of ice) is the Ross Ice Shelf, which measures some 197,000 square miles (510,680 square kilometers), or 3.7 percent of the total area of Antarctica. About 75% of the coastline of Antarctica is ice shelf. Rather, he was making a political statement in opposition to the monarchist and centralist ideas that back then permeated Buenos Aires politics. In 1864, after a Brazilian ultimatum was refused, the imperial government declared that Brazil's military would begin reprisals. The country lost 40% of its territory to Brazil and Argentina and lost 60% of its population, including 90% of the men. The hottest air temperature ever recorded in Death Valley (Furnace Creek) was 134F (57C) on July 10, 1913. However, the export of agricultural products is essential for the balance of trade in most countries. They also significantly increased economic and trade relations, not just between the old and new world but between the different South American regions and peoples. It's basically used for transporting ores. Plan your visit to Death Valley through the new NPS App! [203][204] In 2021 Brazil was the 7th country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),[205][206] and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, USA and Germany. All South American countries are presidential republics with the exception of Suriname, a parliamentary republic. Practically the only route that existed was the one that connected Brazil to Buenos Aires, in Argentina and later to Santiago, in Chile. These resources found in South America have brought high income to its countries especially in times of war or of rapid economic growth by industrialized countries elsewhere. "html CIA. [193][194], In 2013, the Southeast Region used about 50% of the load of the National Integrated System (SIN), being the main energy consuming region in the country. Due to the diversity of topography and pluviometric precipitation conditions, the region's water resources vary enormously in different areas. The WorldAtlas List of Geography Facts. [26] Administered as a dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, the island is geopolitically a part of Africa. In Brazil, this transport is still underused: the most important waterway stretches, from an economic point of view, are found in the Southeast and South of the country. The valley is bounded on the west by the Panamint Range Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. Japan, for instance, is part of the continent of Asia. Inca rule extended to nearly a hundred linguistic or ethnic communities, some nine to fourteen million people connected by a 25,000 kilometer road system. [81] In Colombia, people who identify as European descendants are about 37%. The coast is warmer; on the coast Antarctic average temperatures are around 10C (14.0F) (in the warmest parts of Antarctica) and in the elevated inland they average about 55C (67.0F) in Vostok. The Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the driest place on Earth, with low humidity and almost no snow or ice cover. CA ), (Image credit: Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. North Region has large hydroelectric plants, such as Belo Monte Dam and Tucuru Dam, which produce much of the national energy. The most populous country in South America is Brazil with 214.3 million people. Two were from Brazil (1950, 2014), Chile (1962), and Argentina (1978). It was deemed the greatest war effort in the history of all participating countries, taking almost 6 years and ending with the complete devastation of Paraguay. WebThe continent is the birthplace of nearly all major religions in the world today, as well as a vast number of technological and civilizational advancements. The desert is widest in the west, along the line joining the Lake Bosten and the Lop Nor (8789 east). The war was fought mostly in the actual territory of Peru and ended with a Confederate defeat and the dissolution of the Confederacy and annexation of many territories by Argentina. It was reported that Singapore had its driest Recently, an intergovernmental entity has been formed which aims to merge the two existing customs unions: Mercosur and the Andean Community, thus forming the third-largest trade bloc in the world. Notably, starting with the election of Hugo Chvez in Venezuela in 1998, the region experienced what has been termed a pink tide[citation needed] the election of several leftist and center-left administrations to most countries of the area, except for the Guianas and Colombia. In a report published in February, scientists said the last two decades had seen the most extreme drought conditions in 1,200 years in the American west. In 2020, the country was the 20th largest petroleum producer in the world, and in 2015 it was the 19th largest exporter. Argentina and Uruguay have won the Copa Amrica 15 times each, the most among all countries. Brazil was the only exception, being a constitutional monarchy for its first 67 years of independence, until a coup d'tat proclaimed a republic. The country is the third largest producer of honey in the world. The mean annual temperature of the interior is 57C (70.6F). [108], The World Bank annually lists the top manufacturing countries by total manufacturing value. Mining is one of the most important economic sectors in South America, especially for Chile, Peru and Bolivia, whose economies are highly dependent on this sector. Bahia, Brazil, is especially well known for its West Africaninfluenced cuisine. In the same year Paraguay declared war on Bolivia for possession of the Chaco, in a conflict that ended three years later with Paraguay's victory. Chilean cherries. It was discovered during a National Snow and Ice Data Center review of stored data in December 2013[8] but revised by researchers on 25 June 2018. Korean Confucianism is especially found in Brazil while Chinese Buddhism and Chinese Confucianism have spread throughout the continent. The low temperatures result in a very low absolute humidity, which means that dry skin and cracked lips are a continual problem for scientists and expeditioners working on the continent. This summer, China experienced an extended period of high temperatures that lasted more than two months, the longest since records began in the 1960s, according to China's Meteorological Administration. An estimated 90% of South Americans are Christians[66] (82% Roman Catholic, 8% other Christian denominations mainly traditional Protestants and Evangelicals but also Orthodox), accounting for 19% of Christians worldwide. A continent is one of Earths seven main divisions of land. [73][74] In Ecuador, Amerindians are a large minority that comprises two-fifths of the population. South America occupies the southern portion of the Americas. Dust storms can suddenly blow up with approaching cold fronts. The coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was minus 128.56 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 89.2 degrees Celsius), registered on July 21, 1983, at Antarctica's Vostok station. Venezuela was the 21st largest, with 877 thousand barrels / day, Colombia in 22nd with 886 thousand barrels / day, Ecuador in 28th with 531 thousand barrels / day and Argentina 29th with 507 thousand barrels / day. In temperate latitudes, winters and summers are milder than in North America. Currently several emerging South American artists are recognized by international art critics: Guillermo Lorca Chilean painter,[184][185] Teddy Cobea Ecuadorian sculptor and recipient of international sculpture award in France)[186][187][188] and Argentine artist Adrin Villar Rojas[189][190] winner of the Zurich Museum Art Award among many others. [note 8] In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island (dependency of Norway), Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago may also be considered parts of South America. Peruvian cuisine mixes elements from Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Italian, African, Arab, Andean, and Amazonic food. This new political organization, known as Union of South American Nations, seeks to establish free movement of people, economic development, a common defense policy and the elimination of tariffs. Geopolitically, all the island countries and territories in the Caribbean have generally been grouped as a subregion of North America instead. Drought conditions in eastern Ethiopia, northern Kenya and Somalia have led the UN to warn that some 22 million people could be at risk of starvation. As Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of OPEC. Box 579 Europe has experienced droughts in the past, but recent years have seen increasingly hot summers with many high temperature records set. [91], The most industrialized countries in South America are Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Uruguay respectively. The lowest recorded temperature of any location on Earth's surface at .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}8148S 6330E / 81.8S 63.5E / -81.8; 63.5 was revised with new data in 2018 in nearly 100 locations, ranging from 93.2C (135.8F)[6] to 98C (144.4F). Pisco is a liquor distilled from grapes in Peru and Chile. Heated air rises,cools before it can rise over the valley's mountain walls, and is recycled back down to the valley floor. [63] [224], The Brazilian railway network has an extension of about 30,000 kilometers. The country also stands out in hydroelectricity, where it was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed capacity in 2020 (16,5 GW). There is also a minor population of Asians,[further explanation needed] especially in Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. An estimated 4.9 million slaves from Africa came to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1866. The Colombian Fernando Botero (1932) is one of the greatest exponents of painting and sculpture that continues still active and has been able to develop a recognizable style of his own. In natural gas, the country was, in 2015, the 40th largest producer in the world. In 1750, the Portuguese Crown abolished the enslavement of indigenous peoples in colonial Brazil, under the belief that they were unfit for labor and less effective than enslaved Africans. The two main languages are by far Spanish and Portuguese, followed by English, French and Dutch in smaller numbers. Pineapple in Brazil. The country is the world's third largest producer of sunflower seed. Other languages found in South America include Hindustani and Javanese in Suriname; Italian in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Venezuela; and German in certain pockets of Argentina and Brazil. Further increase in temperature in water and on land will affect the climate, ice mass and life on the continent and have global implications. Summer temperatures often top 120F (49C) in the shade with overnight lows dipping into the 90sF (mid-30sC.) The world record highest air temperature of 134F (57C) was recorded at Furnace Creek on July 10, 1913. forest, and taiga.. On average, Antarctica is the windiest continent. Colombia has important international airports such as Bogot, Medelln, Cartagena, Cali and Barranquilla, among others. [105] In 2019, Brazil was the 4th largest pork producer in the world, with almost 4 million tonnes. Chavn civilization spanned 900 BC to 300 BC. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid. Weather fronts rarely penetrate far into the continent, because of the katabatic winds. First, Napoleon invaded Portugal, but the House of Braganza avoided capture by escaping to Brazil. People in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Chile, Bolivia and Southern Brazil drink mate, an herb which is brewed. The following are those of Chile, Venezuela, Peru and Colombia. [202] In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),[214] and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh). The anchovy catch reaches thousands of tonnes, and tuna is also abundant (Peru is a major exporter). They were goldsmiths and farmers. WebFormal theory. [39] After independence, all South American countries maintained slavery for some time. [47], In the new century, as wars became less violent and less frequent, Brazil entered into a small conflict with Bolivia for the possession of the Acre, which was acquired by Brazil in 1902. A continent is one of Earths seven main divisions of land. Artifacts were found at a site called Chavn de Huantar in modern Peru at an elevation of 3,177 meters (10,423ft). Chile, Argentina and Brazil have recovered fastest, growing at an average of 5% per year. In 1825 the Cisplatine Province declared its independence from the Empire of Brazil, which led to the Cisplatine War between the imperials and the Argentine from the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata to control the region. Kardecist Spiritism can be found in several countries. However, the concentration in producing one major export commodity often has hindered the development of diversified economies. Chile, although currently not a major energy producer, has great future potential for solar energy production in the Atacama Desert region. Accounting for 28.5 percent of GDP, Brazil's industries range from automobiles, steel, and petrochemicals to computers, aircraft (Embraer), food, pharmaceutical, footwear, metallurgy and consumer durables. Transport in South America is basically carried out using the road mode, the most developed in the region. 7781. A third reactor, Angra III, with a projected output of 1,350 MW, is planned to be finished. Somehow, more than a million people squeeze life from this parched land", "Driest Place | Driest Desert Atacama Desert", "Two dry for life: The Atacama Desert and Mars", "United Nations Statistics Division Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)", "Present and future Kppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution", "Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? (Image credit: International Falls Chamber of Commerce/Pete Schultz), (Image credit: Robin E. Bell/ Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory. The moderately dry conditions of the Chaco oppose the intense rainfall of the eastern region of Paraguay. If ice shelves break up, the ice flow behind them may accelerate, resulting in increasing melt of the Antarctic ice sheet and an increasing contribution to sea level rise. [35], The indigenous peoples of the Americas in various European colonies were forced to work in European plantations and mines; along with enslaved Africans who were also introduced in the proceeding centuries via the slave trade. The depth and shape of Death Valley influence its summer temperatures. Copacabana Palace, the best hotel in South America, in Rio de Janeiro. Beginning in the 1530s, the people and natural resources of South America were repeatedly exploited by foreign conquistadors, first from Spain and later from Portugal. Also, in South America, a multi-sport event, the South American Games, are held every four years. In recent decades, Brazil has also generated half of the continent's GDP and has become the continent's first regional power.[7]. This angered the Paraguayan government, which even before the end of the war invaded Brazil, beginning the biggest and deadliest war in both South American and Latin American histories: the Paraguayan War. Illegal driving off designated roads negatively impacts the landscape, ecosystem, view, and more. In January this year, 3.168 million barrels of oil per day and 138.753 million cubic meters of natural gas were extracted. In the semiarid coast of the Brazilian Northeast the rains are linked to a monsoon regime. Brazil was the 10th largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels / day. WebGeography. Sheep and cattle graze in dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Immigration is an important feature of Australian society. In this below-sea-level basin, steady drought and record summer heat make Death Valley a land of extremes. It is divided into continental landmasses, shared by 195 countries (193 UN member states and two Mandatory detention laws were introduced in Australia by the Keating Labor government, with bipartisan support, in 1992. The Mapuche in Central and Southern Chile resisted the European and Chilean settlers, waging the Arauco War for more than 300 years. Get the latest science news and technology news, read tech reviews and more at ABC News. With an area of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi), Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country.Australia is the At the same time, the political instability in Uruguay led to the Uruguayan Civil War among the main political factions of the country. It remains the second largest operating hydroelectric in the world. [citation needed] In Brazil, an express bus system called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), which operates in several cities, has also been developed. [1][2] South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. In contrast to the extremes of summertime, winter and spring are very pleasant. He organized a fleet to reach Peru by sea, and sought the military support of various rebels from the Viceroyalty of Peru. The northern and eastern parts of the Argentine pampas have a humid subtropical climate with dry winters and humid summers of the Chinese type, while the western and eastern ranges have a subtropical climate of the dinaric type. The two most important highways in the country are BR-101 and BR-116. In 1825 the proclamation of independence of Cisplatina led to the Cisplatine War between historical rivals the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata, Argentina's predecessor. [37][38], In contrast to other European colonies in the Americas which mainly used the labor of African slaves, Spanish colonists mainly enslaved indigenous Americans. with Bonalume, Ricardo N. & Bujeiro, Ramiro. [191] Argentina and Uruguay have two titles each. The past performance of the Australian economy has been heavily influenced by US, Japanese and Chinese economic growth. So Paulo accounted for 40% of this capacity; Minas Gerais by about 25%; Rio de Janeiro by 13.3%; and Esprito Santo accounted for the rest. The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes mountains; in contrast, the eastern part contains both highland regions and vast lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco and Paran flow. The Atlantic slave trade brought enslaved Africans primarily to South American colonies, beginning with the Portuguese since 1502. WebStay up to date with the top Australian environment news, industry information, and breaking news [228] The Santiago subway[229] is the largest network in South America, with 103km, while the So Paulo subway is the largest in transportation, with more than 4.6 million passengers per day[230] and was voted the best in the Americas. The total precipitation on Antarctica, averaged over the entire continent, is about 166 millimetres (6.5 inches) per year (Vaughan et al., J. The country is the largest producer of emeralds in the world, and Brazil is one of the largest producers. [28], The distribution of the average temperatures in the region presents a constant regularity from the 30 of latitude south, when the isotherms tend, more and more, to be confused with the degrees of latitude.[29]. These cities are the only cities on the continent whose metropolitan areas' population exceed eight million. The others are the Greater Rio, Greater Belo Horizonte and Greater Porto Alegre. [171] In the beginning of 2020, in the production of oil and natural gas, the country exceeded 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, for the first time. Pets are only allowed on roadways. [59] On one hand, there are several sparsely populated areas such as tropical forests, the Atacama Desert and the icy portions of Patagonia. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, "WMO verifies highest temperatures for Antarctic Region", "WMO verifies one temperature record for Antarctic continent and rejects another", "World: Lowest Temperature - ASU World Meteorological Organization", Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite, "Landsat 8 helps unveil the coldest place on Earth", "New study explains Antarctica's coldest temperatures", "Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite", "BBC Corrections and Clarifications page", "Antarctica Climate data and graphs, South Pole, McMurdo and Vostok", "Preliminary Report: Record Temperatures at South Pole (and nearby AWS sites)", "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis", "NASA Study Shows Antarctica's Larsen B Ice Shelf Nearing Its Final Act", "Millennial-scale variability of George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula", "Holocene Instability of the George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula", "Press Release New Year's Honours for British Antarctic Survey Personnel". This year, the country produced 35.1 billion liters. The country has great future potential for the production of wind energy in the Patagonia region. Its full use still depends on the construction of locks, major dredging works and, mainly, of ports that allow intermodal integration. Despite the Portuguese loyalties of garrisons in Bahia, Cisplatina and Par, independence was diplomatically accepted by the crown in Portugal in 1825, on condition of a high compensation paid by Brazil mediatized by the United Kingdom. East Asian religions such as Japanese Buddhism, Shintoism, and Shinto-derived Japanese New Religions are common in Brazil and Peru. The main public transport in major cities is the bus. Despite its morbid name, a great diversity of life thrives in Death Valley. [166][167][170], In the production of oil, Brazil was the 10th largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels / day. The 10 Driest Places on Earth. [107], In chicken meat production, Argentina ranks among the 15 largest producers in the world, and Peru and Colombia among the 20 biggest producers. Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of Argentina except in most of Patagonia where it is the driest season. During August, there was 60% less rainfall in the river's drainage area than normal, according to official Chinese data. Restoration of tire tracks is tricky. During a recent[when?] [209] The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by Eletronuclear (Eletrobrs Eletronuclear S/A), a wholly owned subsidiary of Eletrobrs. The continents are, from largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Ant arctica, Europe, and Australia. Honey production in Argentina. WebAustralia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. [70] The Genographic Project determined the average Peruvian from Lima had about 28% European ancestry, 68% Native American, 2% Asian ancestry and 2% sub-Saharan African.[71]. The largest ports in commercial movement are those of Buenos Aires, Santos, Rio de Janeiro, Baha Blanca, Rosario, Valparaso, Recife, Salvador, Montevideo, Paranagu, Rio Grande, Fortaleza, Belm and Maracaibo. In the Pampas of Argentina, Uruguay and South of Brazil the rainfall is moderate, with rains well distributed during the year. Livestock raising for meat exports is important in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Colombia. [citation needed]. Colombia's biggest highlight is in coal, where the country was, in 2018, the world's 12th largest producer and the 5th largest exporter. East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation. The artist Oswaldo Guayasamn (19191999) from Ecuador, represented with his painting style the feeling of the peoples of Latin America[181] highlighting social injustices in various parts of the world. The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when squashes, chili peppers and beans began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the Amazon Basin. [29], The east-central Brazilian plateau has a humid and warm tropical climate. In most of the tropical region east of the Andes, winds blowing from the northeast, east and southeast carry moisture from the Atlantic, causing abundant rainfall. [50], Also in this period, the first major naval battle of World War II took place in the South Atlantic close to the continental mainland: the Battle of the River Plate, between a British cruiser squadron and a German pocket batttleship. The clear, dry air and sparse plant cover allow sunlight to heat the desert surface. The first separatist attempt was in 1820 by the Argentine province of Entre Ros, led by a caudillo. As they descend, they are compressed and heated even more by the low elevation air pressure. The Gobi measures 1,600 km (1,000 mi) from southwest to northeast and 800 km (500 mi) from north to south. Three years later, the United Kingdom intervened in the question by proclaiming a tie and creating in the former Cisplatina a new independent country: The Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Less than 10% of the known electrical potential of the Andes had been used until the mid-1960s. Planet Earth is the 6th largest solar object on the solar system, spanning 510.1 million square kilometers. The Bolivians were completely defeated in 1880 and Lima was occupied in 1881. The railway and fluvial sector, although it has potential, is usually treated in a secondary way. Winter daytime temperatures are mild in the low elevations, with cool nights that only occasionally reach freezing. Yet, each extreme has a striking contrast. In many places indigenous people still practice a traditional lifestyle based on subsistence agriculture or as hunter-gatherers. The region's installed electricity generation capacity totaled almost 42,500 MW, which represented about a third of Brazil's generation capacity. West Antarctica is warming rapidly, while the inland regions are cooled by the winds in Antarctica. South America specializes in food processing, Steel-maker CSN, in Volta Redonda. [215], In 2020, Brazil was the 2nd largest country in the world in the production of energy through biomass (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15,2 GW installed. Scientists say climate change means Europe will continue to experience more frequent and persistent droughts, and the dry conditions this year have affected agriculture, transport and energy generation. An uninhabited sub-Antarctic volcanic island located in the South Atlantic Ocean, Bouvet Island (administered by Norway) is geographically, geologically, biographically, and hydrologically associated with Antarctica, but the United Nations geoscheme has included the territory in South America instead. Crypto-Jews or Marranos, conversos, and Anusim were an important part of colonial life in Latin America. [109], Brazil has the third-largest manufacturing sector in the Americas. Brazil sent naval and air forces to combat German and Italian submarines off the continent and throughout the South Atlantic, in addition to sending an expeditionary force to fight in the Italian Campaign.[52][53]. Hottest, Driest and Lowest National Park. "We are now in the third year of very low rainfall coupled with high temperatures in that part of the continent," according to Oxfam. Soon after, another Brazilian province proclaimed its independence leading to the Ragamuffin War which Brazil won. On January 8, the temperature dropped to 15F (-10C) at Furnace Creek. Park bookstores are run by Death Valley Natural History Association, an official non-profit partner. 2, 1995. [1][2], The highest temperature on the Antarctic mainland was 18.3C (64.9F) at the Esperanza Base (Argentina) on 6 February 2020.[3]. The elevation of the location is 3,488 meters (11,444 feet). 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