n Charge current = 90 mA. 4. All Rights Reserved. I request professor George to please provide me references stating the charge and energy efficiency calculations. I always enjoy your work and woul Solar Radiation Outside the Earth's Atmosphere, Applying the Basic Equations to a PN Junction, Impact of Both Series and Shunt Resistance, Effect of Trapping on Lifetime Measurements, Four Point Probe Resistivity Measurements, Battery Charging and Discharging Parameters, Summary and Comparison of Battery Characteristics. www.electronicdesign.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. The following calculator determines which formulas to apply to find the thresholds the manufacturer had to meet in order to meet the standards. This calculator requires the use of Javascript enabled and capable browsers. Enter your battery capacity and select its units from the list. With an efficiency percentage picked, you just need to plug the values in to the formula. WebPick an electric car from the dropdown list; Set the current and desired state of charge (20-80% by default); Choose the socket youre charging from or manually adjust voltage and Your email address will not be published. There are differences between "charge efficiency" (as explained by Christian above) and "energy efficiency" which is more important then "charge ef as a function of current draw by the battery: Another observed loss factor would best be described as a maximum power-point transfer (MPPT) problem. Code, architecture, and the joys of interdisciplinary technology. If the calculator asks for it, enter your battery voltage or charge voltage. Web3. PushEVs Copyleft, no rights reserved, just be decent and quote your sources. Most systems will optimize this power-point for the maximum load condition (4.2 V, 1. Maximum power use when device not connected: Energy Star levels for external power supplies, Review Study on Commission Regulation (EC) No. As before, you need to 'match' units, so you first convert the charging current to amps. -distance. -distance is needed. App note is inaccurate about light load operation of UCC3818 PFC? The easiest but least accurate way to estimate charge time is to divide battery capacity by charge current. Or they may be given in milliamp hours and watts. These are small changes, but the standards mean that most chargers are already 70%+ efficient while charging, with newer models approaching 90% and maximum no-load power below 0.1 W for small chargers. Web A = DC output rating of charges 1.15 = Efficiency factor to return 100% of amp hours removed from a lead acid battery. First, you need to assume a charge efficiency. 2. Let's say your phone battery is at 5%, meaning it's at a 95% depth of discharge. 3.5 ), but the total energy used is impacted by the significant time spent in lower load, higher impedance output conditions. Use our battery charge time calculator to easily estimate how long itll take to fully charge your battery. Your battery capacity may be given in watt hours and your charge rate in amps. How to test electric power steering (EPS) for stability on adverse road conditions. but then same peak should be mapped to the output No it is not, it simply does not work like that. Charging Efficiency: This is the efficiency of your battery when charging, and will be measured in a percentage. For the calculation, you simply need to use the charging efficiency percentage. Armed with real data, its easy to see that it does not make sense to use a less efficient, high-frequency, loosely-coupled system when a closely-coupled approach will do the job. So you may also see the formula written with different unit combinations. This change makes the on-charger efficiency estimation less reliable, because the e-Soul and e-Niro should have the same on-board charger, but we get different estimations. While the power density is important in some applications, particularly transport, it is typically not critical in photovoltaic systems. The overall battery efficiency is specified by two efficiencies: the columbic efficiency and the voltage efficiency. The columbic efficiency of battery the ratio of the number of charges that enter the battery during charging compared to the number that can be extracted from the battery during discharging. If left blank, we'll assume it's fully discharged (0% SoC), except for lead acid batteries which we'll assume are discharged halfway (50% SoC). Even with 100 V mains power, that would imply an average power of 70.7 V * 0.14 A = 10 W (note sine wave root-mean-square), leading to an efficiency of under 28%. Then you convert the battery's capacity from milliamp hours to amp hours. Optional: How charged is your battery? (the number preceding W or watts). You're charging your battery at 0.1C rate, which isn't that fast, so you assume the efficiency will be around 85%. WebBattery Charge Time Variable Efficiency Calculator. Formula 3 incorporates DoD to let you estimate charging time regardless of how charged your battery is. Let's consider the following scenario where the units are mismatched. Students will also be able to calculate efficiency from their power calculations. This formula builds on the previous one by factoring in charge/discharge efficiency, which differs based on battery type. 6291-6317) Title III, Part B [ 2] of EPCA established the Energy In this scenario, your estimated charge time is 10 hours. This paper -http://www.otherpower.com/images/scimages/7427/Lead_Acid_Battery_Efficiency.pdf - measures the efficiency of lead-acid batteries. It l 5. WebThis device is used in mobile phones, laptops, PCs and almost all charging devices.Efficiency of a charge controller is defined as the ratio of useful power output to total power input consumed by the charge controller. The voltage efficiency is determined largely be the voltage difference between the charging voltage and voltage of the battery during discharging. Dear researchers According to a paper titled "A general battery model for PV system simulation" J. B. Copetti, E. Lorenzo, F. Chenlo An equation is According to the EU Review Study on Commission Regulation (EC) No. And your phone battery and charger have the following specs: As before, we need to convert capacity and charge rate to similar units. Im tired of coups and wars for oil. If you can charge your electric car at 32 A, do it. 4. So let's run through a few examples. 2. input power should not. By definition, efficiency equals power delivered to the output divided by power consumed at the input. Estimated charge time (excl efficiency loss) = 1000 / 90 = 11.11 hours. WebThe dependence of the battery voltage on BSOC will therefore impact voltage efficiency. My expectation is that the adoption of electric transportation will be a factor for peace and democracy all over the world. Example: Calculate the (Most lead acid batteries should only be discharged to 50% at most to preserve battery life.). Anyway, remember that these estimations are for worst-case scenarios, by charging with domestic sockets at low current (10 A). Here are some more factors that affect charging time: In short, batteries are wildly complex, and accurately calculating battery charge time is no easy task. 1. For this example, imagine you have the following setup: As before, we'll assume that the charging efficiency is 95%. An above-bar value at one of these points could allow for a below-bar value at another. Next, you convert battery capacity from milliamp hours to amp hours by dividing milliamp hours by 1000. Now you have your battery capacity and charging current in 'matching' units. Students will use multimeters to measure voltage and current in circuits. In this example, your estimated battery charging time is 1.5 hours. It is designed to calculate the maximum battery Since we have a device that is switching and whose voltage Most often, your battery's capacity will be given in amp hours (Ah), and your charger's charge current will be given in amps (A). Other factors being equal, a battery in which the voltage varies linearly with BSOC will have f^a`C{c3fa 1!mr2!"eT i].5P5A9:@Flf4n. Later regulations consider more factors - low and high output voltages beginning in V, AC-AC converters and multiple output voltages in VI - and apply different formulas based on these. charge efficiency = (charge from discharging / charge consumed in charging)*100% For batteries, under Galvanostatic conditions (constant current), the Your assumption and efficiency calculation is simply wrong. %PDF-1.5 % WTWH Media LLC and its licensors. As before, let's assume a charging efficiency of 85%. As with any other component in a PV system, efficiency is an important issue in component selection due to the relatively high cost of power generated by PV modules. Based on the battery being a lithium battery and the charge rate being relatively fast, you assume the charge efficiency is Current information on US/EU/Canadian regulations is provided by CUI Inc., an electronics designer. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of WTWH Media. This mode results in maximum power transfer efficiency, lowest EMI/RFI/EMF and lowest cost. In this example, your battery's estimated charge time is 5.88 hours. Lastly, if you want to do your own calculations but cant find some variables, let me know. The battery load profile describes the time-dependent battery voltage and current during a charge cycle, (t) and calculation of energy into the battery, E, , is as follows: At any time t in the charge-cycle, the battery receives an increment of energy from power. In the capacity calibration experiment, the battery released capacity is always less than its charging capacity for the discharge process due to its 75%) of the Mg/S cell with the coated separator is relatively higher and more stable than that for the cell with the uncoated separator (60%). 278/2009, External Power Supplies, a new standard (VII?) You can also describe it as 0% state of charge (SoC). All rights reserved. `~F%K7iL+(0 @4OUp1nb0 x0& 1.4 = Efficiency factor to return 100% of amp hours Previously the Kia e-Niro was homologated with a WLTP range of 485 km, but Kia revised the rating in December 2018 and dropped it to 455 km. The characteristic impedance of the loosely-coupled receiver antenna (about 24 ) is not well-matched to the load impedance (3.5 to 32 ) of the battery. My interest in electric transportation is mostly political. 17,2 = 0,765381218722 = 77 %. Enter your battery charger's charge current and select its units from the list. Engineers are understandably skeptical. The classic example of this approach is that of a smartphone sitting in its wireless charging stand on a desktop. The formula itself is simple, but taking into account all the possible conversions can get a little overwhelming. For anything below V, you only need to enter the numerals and the power rating. Select your battery type from the list. ranges over the duration of the charge cycle. Some of the energy will be lost due to inefficiencies during the charging process. Now, let us know how to calculate the efficiency of the charge controller. In this example, your estimated charge time is 11.76 hours. battery efficiency=(effbat;conv)2 Integral of (Pbat;disc dt) limits 0 to T /Integral of (Pbat;charge dt) limits 0 to T 3. The Recommendation is an extensive and The 0.2 A is a peak value, after initial charge of the smoothing capacitor ranges from 1 to 150 (the programmed charge time). 6. Formula: charge time = battery capacity charge current. To calculate charging time using this formula, you simply divide battery capacity by charging current. You know the charger's output voltage is 5 volts, so you settle on amp hours for battery capacity and amps for charge rate. This data seems 1) pretty noisy and 2) the peak efficiencies are higher than I have observed when taking the ratio of energy added to battery vs. energy from Chargepoint, so I wonder about the accuracy of the source data. Now that you know the steps required to calculate the efficiency of an on-board charger, in next examples Ill just show you the final results. With that, you can plug your values into Formula 2. leyline 2 yr. ago Darn, I only have a level 1 charger, I guess I should get an l2. WebThe calculator will calculate the time after you enter the battery rating capacity, charge rate and the efficiency of the charging system, including the battery. A battery with a higher energy density will be lighter than a similar capacity battery with a lower energy density. For example: While the output power can be taken at face value (the device must be able to supply the displayed voltage and current, with a product of 2.75 W), ( 42 U.S.C. WebApparently efficiency is affected by how many kWh you are charging for that particular cycle and also temperature ( < 50 F and > 70 F) But on average, according to the study, "Level 2 charging was 5.6% more efficient than Level 1 (89.4% vs. That is why a wireless power specification that meets all market requirements must support both closely- and loosely-coupled approaches. It goes without saying that any charge time you calculate using the above formulas -- or our battery charge time calculator -- should be viewed as an estimate. If your battery is dead, you'd enter 0. WebIt shows the turbine and compressor efficiency for a state-of-the-art twin scroll, fixed geometry turbocharger circa 2022 for a heavy-duty diesel engine application and some possible improvements that can be taken to increase the peak efficiency from the baseline value of 57.6% (72% 80%) to just over 70%. 4 x 100 w Solar Panels wired in a 2 s 2 p configuration will result in those 400 Watts being delivered to the charge controller at 61 V when the temperature drops to the In this example, your estimated charge time is 8.42 hours. that increases the required efficiency by 2.5% and decreases the maximum no-load power by 2.5% is proposed to take effect in 2019. Using Formula 1, we estimated this same setup to have a charge time of 8 hours. However, Renault does seem to have made its on-board charger more efficient in the new generation of the ZOE. Theoretically there is 100% power efficiency. The small signal carrier packet drift First we start by calculating the consumption without charging loses. Now if we divide that number with 17,2 kWh/100 km well get the on-board charger efficiency. Its no secret that Renaults Chameleon on-board charger is not very efficient at low currents. 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The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (EPCA), [ 1] among other things, authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE or in context, the Department) to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of consumer products and certain industrial equipment. The normally accepted standard for efficiency loss is 20%. In a similar manner we can use efficiency versus load (battery) current. CALB to build battery production base in Portugal, New PEUGEOT e-208 gets better efficiency and range, Solar EV Charging An Emerging Charging Method, ORA Funky Cat gets five-star Euro NCAP rating, Comparison of different EV batteries in 2020, Technologies that will make electric vehicles even better, Samsung SDI 94 Ah battery cell full specifications, Nissan Leaf battery degradation data: 24 vs. 30 kWh batteries. The true electrical efficiency of a power supply can only be determined by measuring the average input and You can also calculate the energy efficiency: View attachment 68632 Because your units are again 'matching', to calculate charging time you again simply divide battery capacity by charging rate. Efficiency loss = 20% (battery is recently bought and fully discharged) Estimated charge time (excl efficiency loss) = Battery capacity / charge current. But you're unable to find the battery's voltage, which you need to convert milliamp hours to watt hours. hmk@>nroJ!VX;X,qanK$Ht>z9=. In this scenario, your estimated charge time is 8 hours. Webturbocharger efficiency is difficult to measure on an engine, a valuable alternative can be to derive it from the turbocharging efficiency. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>/Metadata 36 0 R/Outlines 53 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 273 0 R/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 277 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 278 0 obj <>stream Formula: charge time = (battery capacity depth of discharge) (charge current charge efficiency). WebThe formula below is used to calculate the charging time of a Lithium Ion battery: Lt = charging time Co = capacity drawn from the battery eff = efficiency; 1.1 for a Gel battery, 1.15 for a AGM battery and 1.2 for a flooded battery Al = battery charger current Ab = consumption of the connected equipment during the charging process Note that the device may well have better values, especially if it claims the highest certification available at the time of production. The Energy Star levels for external power supplies are currently used, with gradually increasing standards numbered with Roman numerals (currently III-VI). The overall battery efficiency is specified by two efficiencies: the columbic efficiency and the voltage efficiency. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Since few chargers or power supplies list efficiency on the casing, these standards are frequently the only way to approximate it short of electrical testing. Optional: Enter your battery state of charge as a percentage. Look for Roman numerals in a circle to make sure that this calculator applies. Click "Calculate Charge Time" to get your results. Previously, the charging efficiency of the R90 models at 10 A was estimated at 71 %. Because lithium batteries are more efficient, factoring in charge efficiency doesn't affect our estimate as much as it did with a lead acid battery. Current Electro-Tech-Online.com Discussions. In general, the columbic efficiency may be high, in excess of 95%. The closer the threshold is to 100%, the less possible variation there is. After all, it is hard to envision how two induction coils sitting some distance away from each other could engage in energy efficient charging. WebNow we have all information to calculate the estimated charge time: AA battery capacity = 1000 mAh. You consider watt hours for battery capacity and watts for charge rate. The results of the study went into a proposal for a technique to accurately assess the power transfer-efficiency of a wireless charging system. Typically these power adapters have an efficiency of around 80% to 90% and not the 10% to 20 % you claim. Measurements taken at the output of the power supply regulator can be a good proxy for real-world efficiency measurements, but output voltages and resistors used to With that decided, you first divide watts by volts to get your charging current in amps. www.electronicdesign.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. For reference, here are the formulas you need to convert between the most common units for battery capacity and charge rate. kilowatt hours = amp hours volts 1000, amp hours = kilowatt hours volts 1000, watt hours = milliamp hours volts 1000, milliamp hours = watt hours volts 1000. Because the charge C-rate is relatively high, we'll again assume a charging efficiency of 90% and then plug everything into Formula 3. The power density of a battery is related to its energy density, as well as the ability of the battery to discharge quickly. Kashif Mairaj Deen The equations I have provided above are very basic equations that define the charge efficiency (also known as coulombic efficien The dependence of the battery voltage on BSOC will therefore impact voltage efficiency. It may also have slightly worse ones at some currents: the average efficiency that is compared to the thresholds calculated by the formulas is the mean of the efficiencies at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the rated output current. Recall, that, using Formula 1, we estimated the charge time for this setup to be 10 hours. Students will use collected data and be able to make power calculations from this data. WebPhone Charger Efficiency. WebThis advanced online Battery Charge Time Calculation tool is used to calculate the maximum charge time of batteries, based on the entered information. If you find separate formulas for both charge and discharge, this is by definition not a formula for Coulombic efficiency. here are a lot of claims made about the energy efficiency of wireless charging schemes. In our calculations. Whatever you drive your perfect transmit coil with, if there is nothing leeching-off power, then you are not putting any power 291 0 obj <>stream And your battery charger may tell you its power output in milliamps (mA) or watts (W) rather than amps. Lead acid batteries typically have energy efficiencies of around 80-85%. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. In these cases, you need to convert the units until you have a 'matching' pair -- such as amp hours and amps, watt hours and watts, or milliamp hours and milliamps. I want discuss about the answer how charge efficiency improved in battery management system using EV Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. The unit options are milliamp hours (mAh), amp hours (Ah), watt hours (Wh), and kilowatt hours (kWh). Justin Raj Achieving 95% in charge efficiency does not mean the same for energy efficiency which is very much based on the reversibility of the ele Depending on the combination of units you selected for your battery capacity and charge current, the calculator may ask you to input a voltage. In many cases, far better is required. In both cases, the receiver was placed at the optimal. I AM IMPROVING THE CHARGE EFFICIENCY IS 95% HOW I DO KNOW THE ANSWER PLEASE EXPLAIN Please enable JavaScript on your browser and try again. 0 How much power is your charger or adapter using? Next, let's convert charge current to amps. Let's first convert battery capacity to amp hours. You will be redirected once the validation is complete. Higher-power devices must have greater efficiencies, which limits the total power wasted per device, and are allowed greater no-load power drain. The efficiency measurements were then taken over a typical charge cycle (5 to 95%) of the battery. The 2 formulas above assume that your battery is completely dead. Footprint Hero is where Im sharing what I learn as well as the (many) mistakes Im making along the way. Energy density is a parameter used chiefly to compare one type of battery system to another. 278/2009, External Power Supplies. Efficiency = kWh added / Integral over time of (I*V) Or what? Let's assume you again have the following setup: Based on your battery being a lithium battery and the charge rate being relatively slow, you assume a charge efficiency of 95%. Its no secret that Renaults Chameleon on-board charger is not very efficient at low currents. So you'll often see this formula written with these units: However, battery capacity can also be expressed in milliamp hours (mAh), watt hours (Wh) and kilowatt hours (kWh). In this example, it will take about 6.7 hours to fully charge your battery from 80% DoD. For instance, if your battery is 20% charged, you'd enter the number 20. Hi, I'm Alex. As wireless charging systems let the user randomly place the receiver (phone) on the charging surface, the test also mapped a 3D spatial dependence of the transfer efficiency for each system. Web1.4.6 Coulombic efficiency. 83.8%)." Range: 225 km Consumption: 14 kWh/100 km (with charging loses) 11,9 kWh/100 km (without charging loses) Usable battery capacity: 26,8 kWh On-board charger efficiency: 85 % The power consumption in the charge pump includes the storage capacitor Ci, the boosting capacitor Cgi, the bottom-plate (Cbot) and the top-plate (Ctop) Let's assume you have the following setup: To calculate charging time using Formula 2, first you must pick a charge efficiency value for your battery. The columbic efficiency of battery the ratio of the number of charges that enter the battery during charging compared to the number that can be extracted from the battery during discharging. With that in mind, here's the calculation you'd do to calculate charge time. None of these battery charge time formulas captures the real-life complexity of battery charging. Formula: charge time = battery capacity (charge current charge efficiency). The easiest but least accurate way to estimate charge time is to divide battery capacity by charge current. Most often, your battery's capacity will be given in amp hours (Ah), and your charger's charge current will be given in amps (A). So you'll often see this formula written with these units: We have all the info we need, so we just plug the numbers into Formula 3. Note that you can only get the average Coulombic efficiency this way, since this efficiency changes depending on state of charge. Just by taking into account charge efficiency our time estimate increased by nearly 2 hours. In response to once-abysmal efficiencies, various authorities placed limits on the power a commercial electrical adapter (external power supply) can waste when loaded (when current is drawn from it) and unloaded (when powered but unused, a state of 0% efficiency commonly known as vampire power). If you charge at higher currents you can achieve better efficiency figures, especially if your electric car is a Renault. Lacking time or equipment, one can only guess based on the device label. Efficiency of the charger (AC-DC conversion) can be calculated as: efficiency = batCharge/energyAC = batCap * (endSOC - startSOC) / energyAC This could change with a temperature and other conditions, but if you do it enough times, average value should tell you approximate efficiency of the charger, and I am sure it would be 3. hb``` 275 0 obj <> endobj The losses that reduce columbic efficiency are primarily due to the loss in charge due to secondary reaction, such as the electrolysis of water or other redox reactions in the battery. Here are efficiency ranges of the main types of rechargeable batteries (source): Note: Real-world charge efficiency is not fixed and varies throughout the charging process based on a number of factors, including charge rate and battery state of charge. www.electronicdesign.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. For those interested in the underlying math, here are 3 formulas to for calculating battery charging time. And sometimes, your units are mismatched. No battery charges and discharges with 100% efficiency. Your phone battery will take about 1.6 hours to charge from 5% to full. 2 A. Closely-coupled configurations make up the lions share of the demand for wireless chargers. How much power is your charger or adapter using? Let's revisit this setup, but this time assume our lead acid battery has a 50% DoD. Nowadays, a good portable EVSE with adjustable current is not that expensive. Cobalt-free LFP battery cells from Guoxuan to reach 260 Wh/kg by 2022, LG Chem plans to build a new factory in Europe, charging efficiency of the R90 models at 10 A was estimated at 71 %, but Kia revised the rating in December 2018, portable EVSE with adjustable current is not that expensive. %%EOF Again, let's revisit the same setup as before: First, you need to assume a charge efficiency. The true electrical efficiency of a power supply can only be determined by measuring the average input and output power over a period of time. Im a DIY solar power enthusiast on a journey to learn how to solar power anything. This process is automatic. The faster the charge, typically the less efficient it is. We consider the charge collection efficiency (CCE) for semiconductors in which the charge transport parameters, the drift mobility , and the carrier lifetime have spatial dependence, i.e., = (x) and = (x), where x is the distance from the radiation receiving top electrode toward the rear electrode. I start with the simplest and least accurate formula and end with the most complex but most accurate. Tip: If youre solar charging your battery, you can estimate its charge time much more accurately with our solar battery charge time calculator. In this example, your estimated charge time is 1.67 hours. 285 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2CED22B6BC10BB4DBE4E7FFA84625249><77CD51EF48B43A44A984739749709B6F>]/Index[275 17]/Info 274 0 R/Length 62/Prev 916643/Root 276 0 R/Size 292/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Conversely, it is appropriate at times to sacrifice some efficiency when a larger. Other factors being equal, a battery in which the voltage varies linearly with BSOC will have a lower efficiency than one in which the voltage is essentially constant with BSOC. The service requires full cookie support in order to view this website. endstream endobj startxref In technical terms, this is expressed by saying the battery is at 100% depth of discharge (DoD). In portable systems, the energy density is a critical parameter but in conventional PV systems which provide power for a stationary object, the energy density may be less important. First, you need to decide which set of matching units you want to convert to. 1. Based on the battery being a lithium battery and the charge rate being relatively fast, you assume the charge efficiency is 90%. Finally, the tests indicate its best to calculate total energy over a battery-charge cycle. Nevertheless, the costs of transporting batteries to remote locations are considerably high, so a high energy density battery is typically an advantage. The unit options are milliamps (mA), amps (A), and watts (W). WebNeed to use large enough battery banks so that the charge rate is in the efficient part of charge curves These battery sizes may promote less overall charging efficiency in actual Copyright 2022 Footprint Hero LLC. The energy density of a battery is the capacity of the battery divided by either the weight of the battery, which gives the gravimetric energy density in Wh/kg, or by the volume, which gives a volumetric energy density in Wh/dm3 (or Wr/litre3). Compact Model of Power Efficiency To calculate the power efficiency of the four-phase positive charge pump, the power consumption must be evaluated. The meaningof thephrase "battery efficiency" is not clear. It should either be "energy efficiency" or "charge efficiency" as defined below. energ With similar units, you can now plug everything into the formula to calculate charge time. WebThe discharge/charge efficiency (ca. hbbd``b`z $@yH @"dq&FbFt?? Finally, you divide battery capacity by charging current to get charge time.
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