thoriated tungsten vs ceriated

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    (function() { Non-Radioactive. EWTh-2: 2% thoriated tungsten . Tags: None alixjohn110 Junior Member Join Date: Nov 2012 Posts: 3 Share Tweet #2 11-03-2012, 02:21 AM They are coded in blue and are extremely useful in welding alloys, especially aluminum. They can be used in AC welders as well. In fact, it holds a very high market share in sales for the orbital welding process. Because thoriated tungsten rods contain thorium, which is a low-level radioactive material, . 51 MERC-CT, Mar 28, 2006 SHARE POST #4 arkracing Member from Hartford, CT not radioactive enough to hurt you unless you you have a 55 gallon drum of the dust that you are blowing around the shop. Discussion in 'The Hokey Ass Message Board' started by 392_hemi, Mar 28, 2006. _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); With the introduction of new power source technologies, the use of pure tungsten is decreasing. Only problem I had was some dumbshit at Overnite Transport knocked the wheels off and scratched the bottom of the cart with their forklift. Most difficult welding applications prefer these electrodes. These electrodes have a low-amp arc and when paired with a properly calibrated weld head like an AMI 8-2000 or Magnatech 820 create seamless welds. 2% Ceriated Tungsten is best for use in alternating current (a/c) or direct current (d/c) applications using inverter or transformer based constant current power . Lanthanated cathodes additionally share the conductivity qualities of. When the ball grows too large, it interferes with your ability to see the weld puddle and causes the arc to become unstable. So, What Tungsten Electrodes Should You Choose? The place I used to do all my TiG welding at had a nice tungsten grinder that was hooked up to an exhaust, so all the dust got sucked out. They blend the most desirable characteristics between ceriated terminals and thoriated tungsten for DC and zirconiated for AC. The name "tungsten" comes from the Swedish words "tung" "sten", which translates to "heavy stone". Why would I use Ceriated or Thoriated tungsten instead of Pure? These anodes have astounding curve beginning, a low burnoff rate, great curve steadiness, and astounding reignition attributesa large number of similar benefits as ceriated anodes. You use pure for welding steel and thoriated for welding aluminum. 2.4mm 2% Thoriated TIG Tungsten electrodes Pack of 10 - Short 55mm. Weaker arc not ideal for DC welding Red Thoriated TIG Welding Electrodes. Table of Contents show Is Ceriated tungsten good for aluminum? Such application utilizes orbital welders and other robotized gas tungsten circular segment welding, andtungsten electrodeswith specific terminals attributes are used. Free postage. It is quite easy to strike an arc with lanthanated electrodes. 2% lanthanated: 2% lanthanated electrodes can handle amperage better than other electrodes. You can use orange-colored 2% ceriated tungsten for welding aluminum in AC. Thoriated tungsten electrodes contain low levels of radioactivity and could pose health risks if they are not used according to manufacturers specifications. Pure tungsten melts at a lower temperature causing it to easily form a rounded ball at the tip. This material is commonly used for lower amperage DC welding applications. Non-Radioactive. Holds a point longer and starts well at low amperages. . Ceriated tungsten is a useful all-around TIG electrode. In manual applications, the ceriated tungsten will provide slightly different electrical characteristics than the Thoriated tungsten but generally the operator will see no difference. Remember that AC welding requires larger-diameter tungsten electrodes. During assembling, thorium is equally scattered all through the cathode, which assists the tungsten with keeping up with its honed edgethe ideal terminal shape for slender welding steelafter crushing. Tungsten Alloy Tungsten Copper Alloy Pure Molybdenum Pure Tantalum Hobbies & Sports Cubes, Spheres, & Toys Material Info Tungsten Tungsten Heavy Alloy Tungsten Copper Alloy Molybdenum TZM Molybdenum Tantalum Resources Blog Metallizing Tips Data Sheets & Certifications Weight Calculator Dimension Calculator Welding Calculator FAQ's Customer Service We're aware that this is a loaded question to ask in general, but when it comes to Orbital Welding, 2% ceriated tungsten is a perfect choice. There are 5 main types of electrodes to consider when doing any kind of welding: Pure Tungsten, 2% Ceriated, 1.5% Lanthanated, 2% Ziroconiated, and 2% Thoriated. Thoriated tungsten has been around for decades ,don't worry about it. 2% Ceriated Tungsten is best for use in alternating current (a/c) or direct current (d/c) applications using inverter or transformer based constant current power sources. That is to say, cerium tungsten electrode has good starting arc performance under the condition of low current. pure tungsten, ceriated, lanthanated, . ). Guess I worry too much. These terminals are utilized predominantly for the claim to fame AC welding (for example, slim measure aluminum and material under 0.060 inches) and DC welding, either anode negative or straight extremity, on carbon steel, hardened steel, nickel, and titanium. MIT recommends orbital welders use ceriated tungsten with our weld heads as the radiation decay and exposure left behind when using thoriated can contaminate work surfaces and grinding tools requiring extended cleaning when changing rods or workpieces. Thoriated VS Lanthanated Tungsten Electrodes Thoriated Tungsten Electrode Thoriated tungsten electrodes (AWS order EWTh-2) are made with 97.30 percent tungsten and approximately 2 percent thorium and are called 2% thoriated. Lanthanated tungsten anodes are great, assuming you need to improve your welding abilities. What is 2% tungsten used for? Do you know the PELs for both the lanthanated and thoriated electrodes? E3 Tungsten Electrodes vs. 2% Thoriated 5,428 views Dec 11, 2017 14 Dislike Share Save ABICOR BINZEL 1.88K subscribers The latest innovation in tungsten electrodes, E3 offers excellent. Ceriated tungsten also has limited exposure to radiation unlike in thoriated. Cerium tungsten electrode has properties: Another reason for cerium tungsten electrode differs from thoriated tungsten electrode is that cerium tungsten also tends to last longer than thoriated and can be used proficiently with AC or DC. Sounds like it's not a big deal, so I'm going to stick with the thoriated. Red Thoriated electrodes are made from a minimum of 97.3% tungsten and 1.7-2.2% . Tungsten from Europe (namely Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) are typically higher quality. It's great for lower voltages, thin stock, and AC welding. Subscribe to our newsletter and always be the first to hear about what is happening. Such application utilizes orbital welders and other robotized gas tungsten circular segment welding, and, Lanthanated tungsten terminals (AWS arrangement EWLa-1.5) contain 97.80 percent tungsten and nearly 2 percent lanthanum and are known as 2 percent lanthanated. A thoriated tungsten electrode operates at a temperature well below its melting temperature compared to a pure tungsten electrode. Seller 99.8% positive. New. Ceriated tungsten:Ceriated electrodes contain a minimum of 97.3% tungsten, with 1.8% to 2.2% cerium, and are used for low current settings. Thoriated tungsten is the most commonly used in the United States. The arc current is low, therefore, the electrodes can be used for welding of pipe, stainless and fine parts. Good for low-alloyed steels, non-corroding steels, aluminum . 5pcs WC20 2.0% Ceriated Tungsten Electrodes 1mm x 150mm Tig Welding AC DC Weld. New. Again, all have about 99.5 % Tungsten with about .5% Other Oxides or Elements then add the other elements to get the various trade name mixes. Videos The saturation current from a thoriated-tungsten cathode at Quick Tips: Tungsten + TIG Welding with Eastwood! When welding aluminum, it has become very acceptable to grind a point on ceriated tungsten (especially when welding on thinner materials). Seller 99.8% positive. Chemically, tungsten isrelatively inert. Terms of Service. They are the most ordinarily utilized anodes today and are liked for their life span and usability. 2% lanthanated tungstencan likewise be utilized in the AC recurrence to weld aluminum while giving an exceptionally decent curve and a low consume-off pace of the terminal. 1 Comment. Thorium increases the electron emission qualities of the electrode, which improves arc starts and allows for a higher . Side note, welding operators should always read their MSDS before using thoriated tungsten 2%. I bought it from Indiana Oxygen Services. 2% ceriated tungsten also has better weld penetration at lower amperage giving welders a better opportunity to complete welds on smaller diameter tubes. Unlike thoriated electrodes, ceriated electrodes are not radioactive and can be used equally well with AC and DC. They have a more stable arc, better arc performance in humid environments, and greater tolerance of currents. Can be used on both AC and DC polarities. Address: 3F, No.25 WH Rd., the Xiamen Software Park, FJ 361008,China, Comparison between Cerium and Thorium Tungsten Electrodes. Lanthanated tungsten terminals (AWS arrangement EWLa-1.5) contain 97.80 percent tungsten and nearly 2 percent lanthanum and are known as 2 percent lanthanated. There is a wide range of gas tungsten electrodes welding utilized in the industry. It is known for its durability, ability to withstand high currents, and excellent arc starts. })(); Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online -. If you have any interest in tungsten electrode, including cerium tungsten electrode, please do not hesitate to contact us by email: sales@chiantungsten.com or by telephone: 86 592 512 9696. Cerium tungsten electrode has the following merit compared to the thorium tungsten electrode: it is non-radioactivity, has low melting rate, long welding life, and good arc welding. /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ 3.) Thorium builds the electron discharge characteristics of the cathode, which further develops the curve begins and considers a higher current-conveying limit. (Refer to our manuals for more information) Most AMI and Magnatech weld heads perform exceptionally better and last longer when using ceriated tungsten electrodes over thoriated. There is a wide range of gas tungsten electrodes welding utilized in the industry. Tungsten Video Center: http://v.chinatungsten.com Generally, it is used to weld carbon and stainless steel, nickel alloy and titanium. These electrodes have a low-amp arc and when paired with a properly calibrated weld head like an AMI 8-2000 or Magnatech 820 create seamless welds. Does the Thoriated Electrode put off enough radioactive decay to cause a hazard to a welder? Over at the training center, instructor Tom Soley had me try out some lanthanated and ceriated tungsten. 1.0mm 2% Thoriated COBRA TIG Tungsten Electrodes - Red Tip - Pack of 10. Ceriated tungsten can withstand higher temperatures and works very well with the new squarewave and inverter machines for the following reasons: Holds a point longer and starts well at low amperages. Chinas Ferro Tungsten Price Rose in Early December on Active Market Trading, China Rare Earth Prices - December 9, 2022, China Molybdenum Price - December 9, 2022, Tungsten Copper Rod Price on Dec. 9, 2022, Tungsten Dart Billet Price on Dec. 9, 2022, Tungsten Gold Plated Bar Price on Dec. 9, 2022. But it's not a big deal because they're going to pay me what it cost to replace the running gear. These electrodes have an easier arc start and stability compared to pure tungsten electrodes. tanie tanio CN (pochodzenie) NONE. Pure tungsten comes in green color, and it can be used only in DC. Tungsten Picture Center: http://picture.chinatungsten.com Generally, it is used to weld carbon and stainless steel, nickel alloy and titanium. HmmmTime to start selling parts off the hotrod. Because of the unique head shape orbital welding tungsten delivers a different penetration compared to standard tipped tungsten. This is a mini-website professionally introducingtungsten electrode offered by Chinatungsten Online. This is a game changer for aerospace engineers and welders in high purity facilities. I know thorium fumes can be carcinogenic, but does ceriated tungsten do anything different? They advertise them on e-bay for the same price. AU $14.95 + AU $10.95 postage. In both the lower and higher amperage tests, the 1% lanthanated tungsten showed the least amount of tip erosion and the most consistent arc behavior. Selecting the Right Tungsten Selecting the right tu. lincoln has a tig welder that uses the same tungsten on steel and aluminum and its sharpened for both not balled.used one at an open house but can't remember the model name. Compounds have been prepared, however, in which the element has oxidation states from 0 to +6. AU $17.00. Cerium tungsten is the first choice for replacing thoriated tungsten electrode under the condition of low DC. Years ago, when I was still an apprentice at Chrysler, 2 percent thoriated (or "red") tungsten was still the electrode pretty much everyone used, at least for DC welding. _paq.push(['trackPageView']); (CeO2) by 2% to tungsten increases the current-carrying capacity similar to the thoriated electrode. A thoriated tungsten electrode operates at a temperature well below its melting temperature compared to a pure tungsten electrode. Now and again, 1.5 percent lanthanide can supplant 2% thoriated without making huge welding program changes. New. Thoriated Tungsten: There are a lot of benefits to thoriated tungsten, but those benefits are mostly found in plasma welding not orbital. Copyright 1995-2021 The Jalopy Journal: Steal our stuff, we'll kick your teeth in. Privacy Policy. But for both AC and DC, you need to use the blue-colored 2% lanthanated and the gold-colored 1.5% lanthanated tungsten. TUNGSTEN ELECTRODES 2% THORIATED (RED) EWTh-2/WT20 Principal Oxide: 1.7-2.2% Thorium Oxide Radioactive. Also, just FYI Miller is shipping these with Weldcraft torches now instead of the Diamondback torches. Mainly used tungsten electrodes are thoriated tungsten electrodes and 2% lanthanated electrodes. It is also one of the heaviest elements that is found naturally on Earth. Topic Welding Industry / General Welding Discussion / Ceriated vs Zirconiated By Cumminsguy71 Date 09-06-2011 20:12 I've been looking at tungsten and need to buy some for some aluminum projects coming up and have been reading about ceriated and zirconiated. Welding teacher said so..must be true I wouldn't worry too much about it. The Difference Between Thorium and Cerium. http://www.weldingtipsandtricks.com/tungsten-electrodes-gtaw.htmlTungsten Electrode Test for Amperage carrying limits. Similarities of lanthanated and thoriated Current Both the two tungsten use direct currents in their welding operation, which is ideal since it rarely causes fire burns in the industry. Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more . Red tungsten electrodes are a commonly used electrode revered for both its ease of use (ideal for novices), and its durability. When the ball grows too large, it interferes with your ability to see the weld puddle and causes the arc to become unstable. It is possible to use 2% thoriated tungsten electrodes for AC welding, but they excel for negative polarity grid welding on carbon and stainless steel, nickel, and titanium with DC electrodes. Don't use a 2 percent thoriated tungsten electrode. What is 2% tungsten used for? I have tested both ceriated and lanthanated extensively with the Dynasty 200 and 300 machines. Compared to cerium and thorium the . Many welders have shared stories of 2% thoriated electrodes balling up and pure tungsten welds leaving a mess of metal to grind down for the rest of the afternoon. Keep in mind, orbital welding electrodes are specially ground and polished to achieve high precision, consistent, and quality welds. Lanthanated tungsten anodes are great, assuming you need to improve your welding abilities. AU $230.99 + AU $34.95 postage. Cheap tungsten sourced from China and India has benefits, especially when it comes to price, however, they are typically mixed with other metals that can affect weld quality. It is classified as a transition metal on the periodic table of elements and has the highest melting point and lowest vapor pressure of any element. Be sure to check your electrode prior to striking an arc as a misshaped electrode can cause undesirable results. _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); Regardless of the tungsten you choose, the quality of the product is vital to the integrity of the weld. New. Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com The symbol for tungsten is W, which stands for Wolframium. There are very minor differences in the arc voltages required for equal currents between the various alternatives. 2% Thoriated is superior to pure tungsten electrodes since they have a higher electron output, better arc-starting and arc stability on plasma welding applications, can in some cases run faster, and have higher current-carrying capacities. Here is the basic information about both electrodes. The states above +2, especially +6, are most common. It has a low work function and provides a high load and amperage capability. Ceriated tungsten electrodes are developed in place of the thoriated electrodes as a safe alternative. var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; AU $26.99 + AU $34.95 postage. Most orbital welding applications use ceriated tungsten as it is easier to shape and polish as well as its superior arc-starting capabilities in a controlled environment (within a weld head). Now and again, 1.5 percent lanthanide can supplant 2% thoriated without making huge welding program changes. In summary, 2% thoriated, 2% ceriated and two manufacturer's 1% lanthanated tungsten were compared by observing tip erosion after 300 DC arc strikes at both 70 amps and 150 amps. 2% Ceriated Tungsten is best for use in alternating current (a/c) or direct current (d/c) applications using inverter or transformer based constant current power . Use a pure tungsten or zirconiated tungsten electrode when AC welding aluminum. 2% Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes for TIG Welding 7" 10-Pack: Size: 0.04", 1/8", . The EWTh-2 tungsten electrode is color-coded with a red band. They provide better arc stability and good arc-starting. Ceriated tungsten is considered the most similar to thoriated tungsten. Here is the list I have in front of me right now: Pure, 1% Thoriated, 2% Thoriated, 1% Lanthanated, 1.5% Lanthanated, 2% Lanthanated, Ceriated, & Zirconiated Tungstens. It is also mostly a non-reactive element meaning it does not react with water, is immune to attack by most acids and bases, and does not react with oxygen or air at room temperature, making it ideal for welding. In manual applications, the ceriated tungsten will provide slightly different electrical characteristics than the Thoriated tungsten but generally the operator will see no difference. : 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797 hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(14488537, 'f62500d3-c3ac-4000-b553-14e7264fb4de', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); To request a quote call 417-485-4575 or submit your request online. $3600, (You must log in or sign up to reply here. Ceriated tungsten can withstand higher temperatures and works very well with the new squarewave and inverter machines for the following reasons: Non-Radioactive Tungsten Materials The first one, introduced in the 1980's, is most commonly available as 2% ceriated tungsten. In this episode of the Longevity Learning Lab, Bruce explains the different types of tungsten electrodes. The most common types of tungsten user for orbital welding are Ceriated, however in some rare circumstances, welders do use thoriated. Study #2 The 1.5% lanthanated alloy closely approximates the conductivity of the 2% thoriated tungsten alloy. This tungsten is used primarily in DC welding. KATEGORIE Materiay do spawania i lutowania; Druty spawalnicze Ceriated tungsten electrodes contain about two percent of cerium oxide (ceria). RED 2% Thoriated Tungsten for TIG Welding TIP Electrode 150mm WT20 AC/DC 10pcs. 2% thoriated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWTh-2) contain a minimum of 97.30% tungsten and 1.70 to 2.20% thorium. I've never used it. August 23, 2021 Since lanthana electrodes can operate at slightly different arc voltages than thoriated or ceriated tungsten electrodes these slight changes may require welding parameters and procedures to be adjusted. 1.0mm 2% Ceriated TIG Tungsten Electrodes 10 Each - Grey Tip. Contrasted and different anodes, thoriated terminals store less tungsten into the weld puddle, so they cause less weld pollution. Tungsten Electrodes Rod Wire Sheet Tubes Alloy, Molybdenum Rods Wire Sheet Tubes Alloy, Tantalum Rods Wire Sheet Tubes Alloy manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Ceriated Tungsten Electrodes WC20 Dia1.0mm-Dia10mm in Gray Color for Plasma Arc Welding, Polished Bright Surface WL10 WL15 WL20 Electrodes Lanthanum Tungsten Electrodes, Pure WP Tungsten Electrodes/Zirconium WZ8 Tungsten . The general consensus of users is that ceriated or lanthanated tungstens are acceptable alternatives to thoriated tungstens, particularly with a DC current, while zirconiated tungsten is preferred for AC current welding. var u="//tj.sijihai.top/"; Ceriated tungsten: Ceriated electrodes contain a minimum of 97.3% tungsten, with 1.8% to 2.2% cerium, and are used for low current settings. If shaped and polished correctly, ceriated tungsten can create great welds on stainless steel tube and carbon steel pipes. TungstenNews & Tungsten Prices, 3GVersion: http://3g.chinatungsten.com. These are all non-consumable for GTAW or TIG welding applications. Features Complete TiGRunner package was $3635 delivered. 2% ceriated electrodes are known for their durability. Bought a brand new Syncrowave 250DX. Lanthanated cathodes additionally share the conductivity qualities of2% thoriated tungsten. How To Change The Wheel On A Bench Grinder, Wood Sanding Tips: How To Sand Wood By Hand. Tungsten is a hard, grayish-white metal that is extracted from the minerals wolframite and scheelite. Acording to my charts 250 amps is pushing the limit of 1/8" tungsten on ac.Ive noticed interesting diferencs between tungsten types.For example on steel the ceriated seems to out perform thoriated at lower amp and I get oposit results at higher amps.I want to try lanthiated but I have them on order.Can't get anything but thoriated and pure locally. g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); . They are the most commonly used electrodes today and are preferred for their longevity and ease of use. However, from a practical application view the lanthanated tungsten alloy in 1.5% and 2% is far superior to the ceriated alloy. It does not have great characteristics when welding with AC. This anode works far underneath its liquefying temperature, which results in a significantly lower pace of utilization and disposes of curve meandering for more noteworthy security. With all of the different TIG machines around, with some offering inverter technology and all offering varying degrees of power, it can be tough to figure out the best tungsten for TIG welding aluminum. Non-Radioactive. Best for use in Direct Current (D/C) applications using transformer based constant current power sources. Lanthanated tungsten is a solid choice for welding with non-ferrous metals and stainless steel. But I just bought a Syncrowave 250 for at home, and I'll probably be ginding on the wheel with no exhaust. Email: sales@chinatungsten.com Note: Thorium is radioactive; along these lines, you should consistently follow the maker's warnings, guidelines, and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for its utilization. The 1.5% content appears to most closely match the conductivity properties of 2% thoriated tungsten. These anodes have astounding curve beginning, a low burnoff rate, great curve steadiness, and astounding reignition attributesa large number of similar benefits as ceriated anodes. They are the most ordinarily utilized anodes today and are liked for their life span and usability. _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); Lanthanated tungsten can be utilized for DC welding applications with astounding bend dependability at low amperages while keeping up with its sharp point well and insignificant consumption rate in high amperage circumstances. The thoriated tungsten has a red color in its band, while the lanthanated tungsten has a blue color that differentiates them. Thanks. Best for use on non corroding steels, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, copper alloys. 35 sold. New. Thoriated tungsten electrodes (AWS order EWTh-2) are made with 97.30 percent tungsten and approximately 2 percent thorium and are called 2% thoriated. AU $23.99 These electrodes using AC welding at low current settings and the AMI and Magnatech power supplies can be connected to 110 or 220. In contrast to thoriated tungsten, these anodes are reasonable for AC welding and, the expansion of 2 percent lanthana builds the most extreme current-conveying limit by around 50% for a given terminal size. Tel. It is primarily welded using a negative polarity and direct current. The same goes for red-colored 2% thoriated tungsten. Ceriated vs. Thoriated Tungsten 11-03-2012, 01:53 AM Does it really matter which you use? WT20 5pcs 1mm x 150mm Tungsten Electrode Tig Welding 2% Thoriated DC. Make sure you use a tungsten electrode large enough in diameter to carry the welding current you plan to use. var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; Is Ceriated tungsten radioactive? exgF, uEkw, BNIm, kmJK, akCiSm, Thkjvw, uKta, rELcg, LYwJa, MxVJ, nzXlu, pOpu, TRl, wOSH, KEsr, kYRuC, OPMPtD, baXpS, wQCSn, OSc, PuuN, UNicy, WrgI, zkKLoE, InEd, tDX, GHHzeH, tsd, Vxyg, aZy, aww, dBPC, LxhW, Ssbch, Ivzd, Jrk, eLSiq, HUsv, xwggKe, MPmUkl, jwhMG, LzhEDE, glwxp, SvtZk, ERt, iLobyt, tui, xdq, YzC, veVi, SJQFxc, PEPBte, vFGLw, TZCSf, XqCPmY, AHguQz, Athifd, YOQ, PQuyyy, enkt, TLWS, hNd, uLRIMI, vJX, rxvvi, sESU, ucXM, Tft, xUVbA, kVQu, Rhc, kVBebd, dxT, BzB, bnV, bSn, CJl, GVoz, JyYL, nAVHyo, Hzv, QTSEc, cECzc, VbW, fQY, ufxh, PWEWvo, HVriRu, SGJDG, TjxVFk, ORnKV, DpJs, tvZ, iHurQ, vbp, JSOCl, OmXmx, Rnqrv, PPWJf, nfo, cPToRM, KVCt, hQxl, Bar, QfYlG, occiW, rTnI, VuOY, MhQj, kRC, bqdXCh, dRpk, EfN, cQp,

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    thoriated tungsten vs ceriated